Brassica oilseed protein processing

在过去的40年里，自从开发出不含芥酸和硫代葡萄糖苷的油菜品种(称为油菜籽)以来，加拿大成为油籽的主要种植国。菜籽油现在被认为是一种优质食用油。加拿大有巨大的种植油菜籽和它的近亲芥末的能力。目前菜籽油是用正己烷提取的，广泛应用于食品中。尽管残渣的营养价值很高，但由于其味道不佳、残留的抗营养物质和高纤维含量，仍被用作动物饲料。芥末被用作调味品；然而，它的蛋白质没有得到进一步的利用，因为它的油不适合人类食用，因为芥酸含量高，与心脏病有关。作为生物柴油原料的油的需求越来越大，芥子油和菜籽油都是很好的生物柴油前体。多伦多大学的食品工程小组开发了一系列加工创新，以解决有关油菜籽和芥末加工的关键问题。本提案将证明将芥末和油菜籽加工成生物柴油和可食用蛋白质产品的关键概念，例如使用或不使用己烷提取的分离物和浓缩物。该项目将专注于两个方面的研究：蛋白质分离和溶剂回收。我们建议定义由我们的专利膜工艺生产的油菜籽和芥末分离蛋白的食品功能特性和营养价值，定义该工艺和产品对温度、pH和接触时间等工艺变量控制的敏感性。其次，我们将回顾使用无正己烷工艺直接从种子中生产这些分离物的可行性，并直接生产生物柴油，而不需要中间的溶剂回收步骤。我们将重点研究萃取剂、试剂和酯交换介质的再利用。该方案将确定该工艺的可行性，并为以后与一个或多个工业缔约方合作扩大和试点测试确定参数。我们将展示食品配料产品的有用性和潜在价值，使潜在的工业合作伙伴能够做出明智的决定，以实现商业化。

Over the past 40 years, since the development of rapeseed cultivars that are free/low in erucic acid and glucosinolates, called canola, Canada became a major grower of oilseeds. Canola oil is now accepted as a premium edible oil. Canada has a huge capacity for growing canola, and its relative, mustard. At present canola oil is extracted by hexane, and is widely used in food. The residual meal is used as animal feed, despite its high nutritional value, due to its poor taste, residual antinutrients and high fibre content. Mustard is used as a condiment; however its protein is not further utilized as its oil is not suited for human consumption, due to high erucic acid content, that is linked to heart disease. There is increasing demand for oils as biodiesel feedstocks, and both mustard and canola oil are excellent biodiesel precursors. The food engineering group at the University of Toronto developed a series of processing innovations that addresses critical concerns regarding the processing of canola and mustard. The present proposal will prove the key concepts in processing mustard and canola into biodiesel and edible protein products, such as isolates and concentrates with or without the use of hexane extraction. The project will concentrate on two lines of research: protein isolation and solvent recovery. We propose to define the food functional properties and nutritional value of canola and mustard protein isolates produced by our patented membrane process, defining the sensitivity of the process and products to the control of processing variables such as temperature, pH and contact time. Secondly, we will review the feasibility of using a hexane-free process for producing these isolates directly from the seeds, and producing biodiesel directly without an intermediate solvent recovery step. We will focus on the reuse of extraction solvents, reagents and transesterification media. The program will define the feasibility of the process, and establish parameters for later scale-up and pilot testing in cooperation with one or more industrial parties. We will demonstrate the usefulness, and potential value of the food ingredient products, allowing informed decisions by potential industrial partners for commercialization.