The contribution of human color vision to second order motion processing

大多数人都知道，大脑的不同部分专门负责不同的感官任务，如视觉，听觉，触觉和嗅觉。 但很少有人认识到，即使是在视觉这样的一种感觉中，大脑皮层的不同区域也专门处理不同的视觉属性。这个提议调查了人类大脑中颜色和运动属性的视觉皮层的专门化。 真正的颜色和运动处理的皮层分离表明，我们的色觉不能用来看到图像中的运动。 在过去的25年里，色觉是否真的在处理运动时失败，或者它对运动感知的缺陷是否相对温和和微不足道，一直是有争议的。我建议使用的方法相结合，直接测量人类的视觉能力，结合最新的功能磁共振成像脑成像技术，来解决这个问题。 在这个建议中，我设计了新的视觉刺激来研究人类大脑区域对运动的反应，特别是MT区域，它被认为是专门用于运动感知的。我的实验旨在揭示运动信号的不同组成部分，这些组成部分被这个大脑区域整合，以产生复杂刺激的整体运动。特别是，我将调查的程度，运动运动感知是基于线性与非线性局部运动分量的颜色和非彩色视觉。 功能磁共振成像实验的目的是在大脑扫描仪中直接成像人类大脑中被移动的彩色和非彩色刺激激活的区域。 我将比较在统一方向上连贯运动的刺激与在随机方向上不连贯运动的刺激的大脑活动，并比较基于线性与非线性局部分量的运动刺激的活动。 这种行为和成像技术的联系是理解颜色和运动感知的生理基础的关键一步。

Most people are aware that different parts of the brain are specialized for sensory different tasks, such as vision, hearing, touch and smell. What is less often appreciated is that, even within one sense such as vision, different areas of the cortex are specialized for the processing of different visual attributes. This proposal investigates the specialization of the visual cortex for the attributes of color and motion in the human brain. A true cortical segregation of color and motion processing would suggest that our color vision could not be used to see movement in the image. For over 25 years it has been controversial whether color vision does actually fail at the processing of motion, or whether its deficiency for motion perception is relatively mild and insignificant. I propose to use a combination of approaches, direct measurement of human visual capabilities in combination with the latest fMRI brain imaging techniques, to resolve this issue. In the proposal I design new visual stimuli to investigate the responses of the human brain areas to motion, especially area MT, which is thought to be specialized for motion perception. My experiments aim to reveal the different components of the motion signal that are integrated by this brain area to yield the overall movement of complex stimuli. In particular I will investigate the extent to which motion motion perception is based on linear versus nonlinear local motion components in both colour and achromatic vision. The fMRI experiments aim to image directly in a brain scanner the areas of the human brain activated by moving chromatic and achromatic stimuli. I will compare brain activity for stimuli moving coherently in a unified direction as compared to incoherently in random directions, and compare activities for moving stimuli based on linear versus nonlinear local components. This linkage of behavioural and imaging techniques is a crucial step in understanding the physiological basis of colour and motion perception.