Bone metabolism and inflammation in modern and random-bred meat- and egg-type domestic fowl

现代家禽(肉鸡和蛋鸡)经过60多年的密集遗传选择 好几年了。肉型(锅炉型)鸡因生长速度快、胸肌沉积和 饲料到肌肉的高效转化。蛋型鸡(蛋鸡)被选为高水平的蛋鸡 产蛋量和饲料到蛋块的有效转化。在这两种情况下，商业选择很可能 导致无意中选择了不利于快速生长或高水平产蛋量的因素。 炎症反应是先天免疫系统的一部分，可引起全身性影响，如 采食量减少，生长速度减慢，产蛋量减少。即使是轻微的炎症也可能微妙地 降低商品鸡的生产性能。肉鸡的快速生长降低了禽类的能力 为了适当地形成骨骼，蛋鸡的高产量鸡蛋会导致骨骼钙的流失，从而导致 骨质疏松。炎症免疫系统的细胞和与骨代谢相关的细胞是相关的，并且 先前的研究表明，实验诱导的炎症对骨骼有负面影响 鸡的新陈代谢。 艾伯塔大学维持着随机培育的鸡系，这些鸡没有被选作任何特定的 过去50多年来的特征。这些鸟提供了一个迷人的控制来检查意想不到的 商业基因选择的后果。在这项研究中，我们将使用实验诱导的系统 炎症，以比较现代和非精选肉蛋型禽骨代谢的变化。 我们将检查每个品系对炎症的生理反应，以及遗传因素。 控制炎症和骨骼新陈代谢。 更好地了解禽类的先天免疫功能将使加拿大受益，因为加拿大人 家禽生产者提高生产力和鸟类福利，并可能通过以下方式使加拿大消费者受益 增加对饲养的家禽的福利和家禽食品的食品安全的信心。

Modern poultry (meat-type and egg laying chickens) have been intensively genetically selected for over 60 years. Meat-type (boiler) chickens have been selected for rapid growth rate, breast muscle deposition, and efficient conversion of feed to muscle. Egg-type chickens (laying hens) have been selected for high levels of egg production and efficient conversion of feed to egg mass. In both cases, commercial selection has likely resulted in inadvertent selection against factors that counteract rapid growth or high levels of egg production. The inflammatory response is part of the innate immune system, and can cause systemic effects such as decreased feed intake, slower growth rate, and decreased egg production. Even mild inflammation may subtly reduce performance of commercial chickens. The rapid growth rate of broilers reduces the ability of the birds to properly form bones, and the high output of eggs in layers creates a drain on bone calcium that can lead to osteoporosis. Cells of the inflammatory immune system and cells related to bone metabolism are related, and previous research has shown that experimentally-induced inflammation has a negative effect on bone metabolism in chickens. The University of Alberta maintains random-bred lines of chickens that have not been selected for any specific traits over the last 50+ years. These birds provide a fascinating control to examine the unintended consequences of commercial genetic selection. In this research, we will use experimentally-induced systemic inflammation to compare the changes in bone metabolism in modern and unselected meat- and egg-type birds. We will examine the physiological responses to inflammation in each of the lines, as well as the genetic factors that control inflammation and bone metabolism. A greater understanding of avian innate immune function will benefit Canada through allowing Canadian poultry producers to increase productivity and bird welfare, and may benefit Canadian consumers through increased confidence in the welfare of poultry raised for food and food safety of poultry food products.