Advancing measurement methods and standards for pavement texture and friction

路面的纹理、摩擦力等路面特性是影响道路设计、养护和安全运营的重要因素。路面质量影响车辆的稳定性和制动距离，也是影响碰撞类型和严重程度的一个因素。例如，在潮湿天气中，近三分之一的撞车事故都是由打滑造成的。一些飞机起降事件也受到地面条件的影响。2005年，法航358航班在多伦多皮尔逊国际机场坠毁，当时飞机在一场大雨中滑出跑道。尽管意识到表面特性对安全的影响，但许多交通部门和市政当局没有定期测量或管理摩擦或纹理，部分原因是成本、碰撞情况下的法律责任风险以及缺乏具有约束力的摩擦统一标准。 路面的纹理通常使用单一属性来表征，例如平均纹理深度或其粗糙度的均方根。基于激光扫描或数字成像的新技术使表征三维道路表面成为可能，并提取关于轮胎-路面相互作用、摩擦、表面耐久性、飞溅、喷射和噪声的更多有用信息。这项研究的范围是沥青和混凝土路面的表面特征，包括道路和机场的纹理和摩擦标准，以及它们对车辆交通和飞机运行的影响。应用还包括人行道、人行横道、人行道和停车场的表面标准。我的研究将回顾实践的状况，突出标准和规范方面的差距，以及新技术的机会，特别是与3D表面纹理的收集和使用有关的机会。我的研究团队将开发或更新纹理测量工具，提出新的基于区域的纹理模型，并分析安全驱动的维护和修复替代方案以及新设计的纹理的有效性。

Pavement surface characteristics, such as texture and friction, are critical factors in the design, maintenance and safe operation of roads. The quality of the road surface impacts vehicle stability, braking distance, and is a factor in collision type and severity. Skidding, for example, is a contributing factor in nearly one-third of wet weather crashes. A number of aircraft landing and take-off incidents were also impacted by surface conditions. The 2005 crash of Air France flight 358 at Toronto Pearson International Airport occurred when the aircraft skidded off the runway during a heavy rain event. Despite an awareness of surface characteristics impact on safety, many transportation departments and municipalities do not routinely measure or manage friction or texture in part due to cost, risk of legal liability in the case of a collision, and lack of uniform binding standards for friction. Texture of the road surface is commonly characterized using a single attribute such as the mean texture depth or root-mean-squared of its roughness. New techniques based on laser scanning or digital imaging have made it possible to characterize the three dimensional road surface, and to extract additional useful information about tire-pavement interaction, friction, surface durability, splash and spray and noise. The scope of this research is the surface characteristics of asphalt and concrete pavements including standards of texture and friction of roads, and airfields, and their impact on vehicular traffic and aircraft movements. Applications will also include standards for surfaces of walkways, crosswalks, sidewalks and parking lots. My research will review the state of the practice, highlight gaps in standards and specifications, opportunities for new technologies particularly pertaining to the collection and use of 3D surface texture. My research team will develop or update tools for texture measurement, propose new area-based texture models, and analyze the effectiveness of safety-driven maintenance and rehabilitation alternatives, and of newly-designed textures.