Effect of selected antibiotics and NSAIDs on nitrogen cycling in wastewater environments

常驻微生物种群是废水二级处理过程中不可或缺的一部分，可以降解许多复杂的有机化合物，从而降低废水的生物需氧量(BOD)。必须从废水中去除氮(氨)，因为高浓度的氨可能是有毒的，而低浓度可能会导致系统停止运行。含氮污水的排放可能会导致其排放到的湖泊和溪流富营养化。以前的研究已经承认微生物群落中微生物的巨大多样性，并确定了这些系统中的许多微生物。氨氧化是由氨氧化细菌(AOB)进行的，最近又由第二类氨氧化古生菌(AOA)进行。这项提议将有助于理解这种职能冗余的意义。将对废水样本和含有废水流出物的反应堆进行采样，并进行化学和分子分析，以确定每一组的相对丰度和每一组的相应活性。AOA和AOB在土壤中的系统发育变化是由不同的环境参数引起的，因此，每一组的活性将在抗生素和非类固醇类物质存在的情况下进行评估，这两种污染物在城市污水中被检测得越来越频繁。这项研究将有助于加深我们对废水系统中AOA及其在制药废水氨氧化中的作用的认识。在市政污水处理厂看到的不断变化的条件下，氨氧化器的表面冗余可能是维持硝化作用所必需的。

Resident microbial populations are an integral part of the wastewater secondary treatment process and degrade many of the complex organic compounds thereby reducing the biological oxygen demand (BOD) of the wastewater. Nitrogen (ammonia) must be removed from the wastewater since high concentrations of ammonia can be toxic and low concentrations can cause the system to stop functioning. Release of effluent containing nitrogen can cause eutrophication of the lakes and streams it is released into. Previous research has acknowledged the vast diversity of microbes in the microbial communities and has identified many of the organisms in these systems. Ammonia oxidation is carried out by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and recently by a second group, ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA). This proposal will help to understand the significance of this functional redundancy. Wastewater samples and reactors containing wastewater effluent will be sampled and subjected to chemical and molecular analysis to determine the relative abundances of each of the groups and the corresponding activity of each group. Phylogenetic shifts of AOA and AOB have been seen in soils to be caused by different environmental parameters, therefore, the activity of each group will be assessed in the presence of the antibiotics and NSAIDS, contaminants that are detected more and more frequently in municipal sewage waste streams. This research will serve to advance our knowledge of AOA in wastewater system and their role in ammonia oxidation in pharmaceutical contaminated wastewater. The apparent redundancy of ammonia oxidizers may be necessary to maintain nitrification under changing conditions seen by municipal wastewater plants.