Cyber-Physical Security of the Smart Grid

智能电网代表着信息技术与电力网络的联姻。虽然对网络基础设施的日益依赖能够提高电力输送的可靠性、效率和能力，但这种依赖也造成了一系列潜伏的弱点。智能电网的规模和复杂性，以及它不断增加的连通性和自动化，使得网络物理保护的任务特别具有挑战性。由于资源的限制，智能电网安全对资产所有者来说是一项艰巨的努力。在确定设计和保护的优先顺序时会出现重要问题：哪些网络组件如果受损，可能会导致严重的电力输送中断？哪些类型的网格拓扑对各类网络攻击具有内在的健壮性？通过先进的网络基础设施获得的额外信息值得冒更大的安全风险吗？ 为了应对这些挑战，这项研究计划通过利用动态系统框架的力量，率先开发出一种用于网络物理智能电网系统的建模和分析方法。通过整合非线性动力系统、图论和博弈论等领域的数学工具，我们的目标是解决受电力公用事业需求影响的及时和重要的网络物理安全问题。 这项工作将提供及时的设计见解和工具，对于开发更可靠、更安全和更安全的智能电网至关重要。保护智能电网安全的解决方案刚刚出现，拟议的研究提供了一个必要的框架，以更好地评估、重新开发和确定优先顺序。此外，这项研究有助于加强通信、计算、经济和电力网络之间的协同作用，促进对新兴智能电网的重要跨学科观点的形成。建设安全可靠的智能电网系统的能力将通过促进智能电网基础设施的广泛采用、彻底改变电力市场并减少我们社会的生态足迹来提供商业和环境效益。

The smart grid represents a marriage of information technology with the electricity network. While the increased reliance on cyber infrastructure enables greater reliability, efficiency and capacity of power delivery, this dependence also creates a host of insidious weaknesses. The scale and complexity of the smart grid, along with its increased connectivity and automation, make the task of cyber-physical protection particularly challenging. Smart grid security constitutes a daunting effort for asset owners because of resources limitations. Important questions arise when identifying priorities for design and protection: Which cyber components, if compromised, can lead to significant power delivery disruption? What kinds of grid topologies are inherently robust to classes of cyber attack? Is the additional information available through advanced cyber infrastructure worth the increased security risk? To address these challenges, this research program pioneers the development of a modeling and analysis methodology for cyber-physical smart grid systems by harnessing the power of dynamical systems frameworks. Through integration of mathematical tools from the fields of nonlinear dynamical systems, graph theory and game theory we aim to address timely and important cyber-physical security problems influenced by the needs of electric power utilities. The work will provide timely design insights and instruments essential for developing more reliable, secure and safe smart grids. Solutions for securing the smart grid are just emerging and the proposed research provides a necessary framework to better assess, re-develop and prioritize them. Moreover, this research helps to reinforce the synergy among communication, computation, economic and electricity networks fostering an important interdisciplinary view of the emerging smart grid. The ability to build secure and safe smart grid systems will provide commercial and environmental benefits by facilitating widespread adoption of smart grid infrastructure revolutionizing the electricity marketplace and reducing our society's ecological footprint.