Risk-based Safety and Integrity Management of Oil and Gas Production and Processing in Harsh Environment

石油和天然气储量的减少正在推动石油和天然气勘探和开发进一步离岸，进入更深的沃茨和北极和亚北极地区。然而，与这一事态发展相关的风险很大，不容忽视。最近墨西哥湾碳氢化合物勘探期间发生的事故进一步凸显了这一点。涉及泄漏、火灾和爆炸的事故会对设备、环境造成损害，并导致经济损失、人员伤亡。这些事故是油气勘探开发的重大隐患。根据具体位置和条件评估这些潜在危险有助于制定降低事故风险的方法。 与温带气候区域相比，在恶劣气候（寒冷气候）中，释放、扩散、火灾和爆炸的行为和现象非常不同。这些现象在温带气候中得到很好的理解，并且存在用于设计安全措施和评估系统完整性的模型。这种理解和建模水平不适用于恶劣环境，在那里它有更大的影响。研究北极和亚北极环境中的事故发生机制、资产失效机制、释放、扩散、火灾和爆炸行为将有助于弥补目前的知识差距。 该研究计划旨在开发一个综合的安全和完整性风险管理框架，包括（1）设计和运行期间的工程故障分析，（2）运行期间基于风险的关键决策，以及（3）恶劣气候条件下的行为和性能方面的人为因素。该提案的结果有助于开发更安全的设计，促进更安全的运营策略和更安全的工作环境，从而降低北极地区石油和天然气运营的风险。本研究的重点是前沿地区，如博福特海，巴芬湾，楚科奇海。

Dwindling reserves of oil and gas are driving oil and gas exploration and development further offshore, into deeper waters and into arctic and subarctic regions. However, the risks associated with this development are significant and cannot be neglected. The recent accident in the Gulf of Mexico during hydrocarbon exploration has further highlighted this point. Accidents involving release, fires and explosions cause damage to equipment, environment, and result in financial losses, injuries and fatalities. These accidents are major potential hazards of hydrocarbon exploration and production. Assessing these potential hazards based on the specific location and conditions helps to develop methods to reduce risk of accidents. In comparison with a temperate climate region, in harsh climate (cold climate) the behaviour and phenomena of release, dispersion, fire and explosion are very different. These phenomena are well understood in temperate climates and there are models for design of safety measures and assess the integrity of the system. This level of understanding and modelling is not in place for harsh environments, where it has a much larger impact. Research into the mechanism of accident occurrence, asset failure mechanism, behaviour of release, dispersion, fire, and explosion in arctic and subarctic environment would help bridge the current knowledge gap. This research program aims to develop an integrated safety and integrity risk management framework that incorporates (1) engineering failure analysis during design and operation, (2) risk-based critical decision-making during operation, and (3) human factors with respect to behaviour and performance in harsh climatic conditions. The outcomes of this proposal help to develop safer design, promote safer operational strategies, and safer working environment that reduce risk to the oil and gas operation in the arctic regions. The focus of the present study is the frontier region, such as the Beaufort Sea, Baffin Bay, and the Chukchi Sea.