Perceived affordances for human biomechanics at work

一组工人暴露在相同的工作任务和体力负荷下，随着时间的推移，他们被分成两组，一组报告软组织损伤，另一组不报告。决定集团成员资格的关键特征还没有被清楚地理解。纵向研究已经确定了导致损伤风险增加的各种生理、生物力学和心理物理因素，通常是在多因素模型中构建的。然而，具体的因素和水平在研究之间是模棱两可和相互矛盾的，这些行为差异的神经心理学基础还没有确定。吉布森在生态心理学方面的开创性工作在负担能力理论中为环境和行动之间的关系提供了一个稳健的模型。对日常生活活动中的行为的系统研究揭示了环境特征与参与者的运动能力或与任务相关的人体测量学之间的强烈关联。虽然以前通过一般的心理物理方法检查工作活动(例如，可接受的任务限制的Snook表)，在负担能力理论范式下对职业任务进行的实证研究为开发实用有效的软组织损伤风险控制提供了重要的下一步。 这项拟议研究的目的是用任务负担框架来检验职业行为的生物力学。这项研究将确定提供的视觉感知的时空参数，并发展环境线索、视觉注意、感知提供和职业生物力学之间的联系。这项研究还将首次研究状态和特征特征对负担能力提取机制、感知负担能力和职业行为的运动学参数的影响。最后，拟议的研究计划将着眼于实用的提示策略，以将工人的承受能力和行为修改为加拿大工作场所的安全起重和搬运实践，以及工业工程风险控制方法。

A sample of workers, exposed to identical job tasks and physical loading, dissociate over time into a group who report disabling soft tissue injury and a group who do not. The critical characteristics that determine group membership are not clearly understood. Longitudinal studies have identified various physiological, biomechanical, and psychophysical factors that contribute to increased injury risk, typically constructed in a multi-factorial model. However, the specific factors and levels are equivocal and contradictory between studies, and a neuropsychological basis for these behavioural differences is undetermined. Gibson's pioneering work in ecological psychology provides a robust model for the relationship between context and action, in the theory of affordances. Systematic exploration of behaviour in activities of daily living has revealed strong associations between features of the environment and motor ability or task-relevant anthropometrics of participants. While work activities have previously been examined through general psychophysical methods (eg. Snook tables for acceptable task limits), empirical studies of occupational tasks within an affordance theory paradigm present an important next step for developing practical and effective soft tissue injury risk controls. The purpose of the proposed research is to examine the biomechanics of occupational behaviour with a task affordance framework. This research will identify the spatiotemporal parameters for visual perception of affordance, and develop associations between environmental cues, visual attention, perceived affordances, and occupational biomechanics. The research will also provide the first look at the influence of state and trait characteristics on the mechanics of affordance extraction, perceived affordances, and kinematic parameters of occupational behaviour. Finally, the proposed program of research will look at practical cueing strategies to modify workers' affordances and behaviours into injury-safe lifting and handling practices, and industrial engineering risk control methods, for Canadian workplaces.