Integrating Solar PV Systems into Residential Buildings in Cold-climate Regions

将太阳能系统集成到住宅建筑中正在成为当今住宅行业的新趋势。为了优化太阳能系统，太阳能光伏（PV）面板的容量需要设计为与建筑物的电力负载相匹配。同时，这些系统的经济方面及其对公用电网的影响需要进行评估，以确保为给定的建筑物选择最佳的系统。拟议的研究重点是优化太阳能光伏系统，以提高加拿大西部寒冷气候地区的能源效率和可持续性。该研究结合了现场能源性能测量、数值模拟以及对工业应用中最新太阳能技术的全面回顾。在这项研究中，将选择50种不同类型的家庭，以测量其电力负荷，测试新设计的储能系统，并研究太阳能光伏电池板的性能。每个家庭的能源消耗将被测量，数据将被分析，以确定特定建筑特征和居住者行为对电力负荷的影响。将在一些太阳能发电系统中安装电池组，并评估其对电网的影响，以及安装的电池组减轻居民每月电费的能力。将研究当地太阳能资源和天气条件对太阳能光伏电池板性能的影响。为了在系统设计过程中确定光伏板的最佳尺寸和电池的容量，将开发一种数值工具。基于研究结果，建筑特征和居住者习惯的参数将被用作工具的输入，基于此可以获得优化的太阳能发电系统设计。预计太阳能发电系统的性能和成本分析，以及本研究中开发的技术，将有助于房屋建筑商开发更可持续的建筑工程实践，也将有利于政策制定者，因为他们寻求制定政策，鼓励建筑商和购房者选择太阳能住宅建筑。

The integration of solar energy systems to residential buildings is emerging as a new trend in today's housing industry. To optimize solar energy systems, the capacity of solar Photovoltaic (PV) panels needs to be designed to match the electricity loads of the building. Meanwhile, the economic aspects of these systems and their impact on utility grids need to be evaluated to ensure the selection of the optimal system for a given building. The proposed research focuses on the optimization of solar PV systems for high energy efficiency and sustainability in the cold-climate regions of western Canada. This study combines on-site energy performance measurements, numerical simulation, and comprehensive review of the latest solar technology in industrial applications. Fifty different types of homes will be selected in this research in order to measure their electricity loads, test the newly designed energy storage system, and study the performance of the solar PV panels. The energy consumption will be measured in each home, and the data will be analyzed to identify the impacts of specific building characteristics and occupant behaviours on electricity loads. Battery banks will be installed in some of the solar power systems, and their impact on the electricity grid, as well as the ability of the installed banks to alleviate monthly electricity bill amounts for residents, will be evaluated. The performance of the solar PV panels influenced by local solar resources and weather conditions will be investigated. To determine the optimal size of the PV panels and the capacity of the batteries during the system design process, a numerical tool will be developed. Based on the research results, the parameters of building characteristics and occupant habits will be used as inputs for the tool, based upon which the optimized solar power system design can be obtained. It is expected that the performance and cost analysis of the solar power system, as well as the technologies developed in this research, will assist homebuilders to develop more sustainable building engineering practices, and will also benefit policy makers as they seek to formulate policies to encourage both builders and home buyers to choose solar energy for residential buildings.