Fluorochemicals in AFFF-contaminated sites: environmental fate, toxicity and treatment

几十年来，全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）的使用导致了广泛的 对人类、野生动物和环境的污染。一些PFAS在 在自然环境中具有很高的生物累积潜力和毒性。这种污染最严重的形式是 主要与使用基于PFAS的水性成膜泡沫（AFFF）用于消防有关 活动，影响地下水，地表水，土壤和沉积物在数百个联邦污染 加拿大各地的景点由于AFFF污染的状态尚未进行专门调查，监管机构 管理被AFFF污染的场地的框架基本上不存在。独特的物理、化学和 PFAS的生物学特性对解决该问题提出了巨大的挑战。监管机构和 环境顾问问：在AFFF影响的地点存在哪些类型的PFAS， 浓度对环境构成风险？PFAS在不同的自然和环境下如何运输和转化 在工程条件和存在其他污染物的情况下？什么样的成本效益高的风险迁移 技术可以实现？我们的研究旨在通过详细的研究来回答这些问题。 实地污染样品的特性鉴定、关于环境归宿和环境污染物行为的实验室研究 土壤和地下水系统中的全氟辛烷磺酸，评估主要全氟辛烷磺酸的生物累积潜力， 一个创新的纳米技术为基础的补救办法PFAS去除。研究将在 由一组国际公认的研究人员在环境方面具有互补的专业知识 工程学、化学和微生物学以及生态毒理学。我们的研究结果将有助于 环境监管机构和风险评估专家制定关于AFFF使用的政策、法规或指南， 处置、风险评估和补救。拟议的研究对加拿大有重要的经济效益 通过优化资源以经济高效地实现风险缓解目标，并通过增强以下方面的技术专业知识 私营部门在环境风险评估和补救方面的作用。

The use of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in decades has led to widespread contamination in humans, wildlife and the environment. Some PFAS are extremely persistent in the environment and exhibit high bioaccumulation potential and toxicity. The most severe form of this pollution is primarily associated with the use of PFAS-based aqueous film-forming foams (AFFFs) for firefighting activities, impacting groundwater, surface water, soil and sediment in several hundred federal contaminated sites across Canada. As the state of AFFF contamination has not been specifically investigated, regulatory frameworks for managing AFFF-contaminated sites largely do not exist. Unique physical, chemical and biological properties of PFAS pose great challenges for addressing the issue. Regulatory bodies and environmental consultants are asking: what types of PFAS are present in AFFF-impacted sites and what concentrations pose risks to the environment? How do PFAS transport and transform under varying natural and engineered conditions and in the presence of other contaminants? What cost-effective risk migration technologies can be implemented? Our research is aimed at answering these questions through detailed characterization of field contaminated samples, laboratory studies on the environmental fate and behaviours of PFAS in soil and groundwater systems, evaluating bioaccumulation potential of major PFAS, and developing an innovative nanotechnology-based remediation approach for PFAS removal. The research will be conducted by a group of internationally recognized researchers with complementary expertise in environmental engineering, chemistry and microbiology, and ecotoxicology. Results from our research will help environmental regulators and risk assessment experts develop policies, regulations or guidelines on AFFF use, disposal, risk assessment and remediation. The proposed research has important economic benefits to Canada by optimizing resources to reach risk mitigation goals cost-effectively and by enhancing technical expertise in the private sector in the area of environmental risk assessment and remediation.