Promoting a sustainable nanotechnology industry by evaluating the environmental risks of nanoparticle release from nano-enhanced materials in the Canadian environment

工程纳米颗粒（ENPs）至少具有1-100纳米范围内的一个维度，用于制造工业和消费产品，以实现或增强高性能产品的特定功能。许多含有enp的产品直接暴露在环境中。因此，ENPs可能会释放到环境中，特别是水生生态系统中。最近，一些估计已经从模型预测的基础上大致的全球产量，并从产品到不同的环境隔间的物料流分析。这些研究表明，环境中ENPs的水平接近对水生生物产生毒性的水平，并且随着未来几年ENPs产量的增加，可能对水生生态系统健康造成不利影响。在这项研究中，我们将评估油漆和纸板产品中ENPs的释放。当室外涂料暴露于降水（雨和雪）以及阳光、盐雾和冰冻温度的恶劣风化时，ENPs可能会释放到水中，从而进入水生生态系统。同样，当纸板暴露在纸张回收过程中时，纸张中的ENPs可能会随废水一起释放到水体中。在本研究中，我们将开发测量ENP释放的分析方法。我们将探讨这些ENPs的环境行为和毒性与用于制造油漆或纸板产品的原始ENPs有何不同。研究结果将为实施安全纳米技术的政策提供信息，并将为我们的工业伙伴和政策制定者提供有关各种产品释放的ENPs对水生生态系统影响的深入知识。

Engineered nanoparticles (ENPs), which have at least one dimension in the range of 1-100 nm, are used in the manufacture of industrial and consumer products, to enable or enhance specific functions towards delivery of high performance products. Many ENP-containing products are directly exposed to the environment. As a result, ENPs may be released to the environment, particularly to aquatic ecosystems. Recently, some estimates have been provided from model predictions based on approximate worldwide production volumes, and materials flow analyses from the products to different environmental compartments. These studies suggest that levels of ENPs in the environment are close to levels that induce toxicity in aquatic organisms, and with increased production of ENPs in future years, are likely to cause adverse impacts to aquatic ecosystem health. In this study we will assess the release of ENPs from paint and paperboard products. When outdoor paint is exposed to precipitation (rain and snow) along with harsh weathering by sunlight, salt spray and freezing temperatures, ENPs may be released to water which may enter aquatic ecosystems. Similarly, when paperboard is exposed to paper recycling processes, ENPs from paper may be released with effluents to water bodies. In this study we will develop analytical methods to measure ENP release. We will explore how the environmental behaviour and toxicity of these ENPs differ from the pristine ENPs that were used in the manufacture of the paint or paperboard products. The results will inform policies on the implementation of safe nanotechnology and will provide in-depth knowledge to our industrial partners and to policy markers on the impact of ENPs released from various products on aquatic ecosystems.