Hook pile - an innovative cast-in-place pile foundation system

桩基础在世界范围内被广泛地用作抵抗陆上和海上的向上和向下的重载荷结构的优选基础系统。桩通常通过打入地层或通过钻孔并用钢筋混凝土填充孔来安装。打入桩是通过锤击系统将其打入先前未挖掘的土壤中来安装的。灌注桩，又称钻孔桩，是将混凝土灌注在工地的钻孔内而形成的，通常用于建筑业，以将上部结构的荷载转移到各种地质环境中的合适地层。灌注桩是最灵活和最实用的打桩方法，因为它可以用于任何直径和任何实际深度。 桩基的承载力是由桩端承载力提供的，而桩侧承载力是由桩土界面阻力提供的。在崩塌性土层和破碎岩层中，由于桩身与周围土体之间可能存在间隙，灌注桩的桩身承载力不能充分发挥。一项名为“弯钩桩”的创新技术，通过在桩身表面设置弯钩，显著提高灌注桩的承载力。挂钩安装在灌注桩中使用的钢筋笼的周边，并与周围的地面材料形成锚固机制。该技术已被证明可以显著提高桩身在上部结构引起的压缩载荷以及大风载荷或横向载荷引起的扬压力下的抵抗力，而无需增加桩直径或桩身长度。该技术将主要影响加拿大和世界各地的建筑物、桥梁和基础设施系统的设计和施工，为更安全、经济和更有效的施工实践提供新的基础技术。

Pile foundations are widely used throughout the world as the preferred foundation system to resist the upwards and downwards heavy load structures both onshore and offshore. Piles are normally installed either by driving through the ground strata or through drilling and filling the hole with reinforced concrete. Driven piles are installed through driving them into previously unexcavated soil by a hammer system. Cast-in-place piles, also known as drilled shafts, are formed by filling the concrete in an excavated borehole in the site and are commonly used in construction industry to transfer the load of superstructures to competent ground strata in wide range of geological settings. Cast-in-place piles are known as the most flexible and practical method in piling construction as they can be used in any diameters and up to any practical depth. The load carrying capacity of pile foundations are provided by the toe bearing capacity as well as the pile shaft capacity through the pile-soil interface resistance. The shaft capacity of cast-in-place piles may not be fully developed in caving soils and fractured rocks due to possible gap between the pile and the surrounding soil. An innovative technology, known as Hook Pile, was developed to significantly increase load carrying capacity of cast-in-place piles by implementing hooks on the surface of piles. The hooks are installed at the perimeter of the steel cages used in cast-in-place piles and create an anchoring mechanism with the surrounding ground materials. This technique has shown to significantly improve the resistance of the pile shaft under both compressive loads caused by superstructures as well as the uplift pressure resulting from high wind load or lateral loads without increasing the pile diameter or the shaft length. The technology invented here will primarily impact design and construction of buildings, bridges and infrastructure systems in Canada and around the world by providing a novel foundation technology for safer, economic and more effective construction practice.