Thermochemical processing of solid waste at high temperature and high pressure to produce high-value products and energy

加拿大是世界上产生城市固体废物最多的国家之一，2008年人均处置了777公斤城市固体废物(加拿大统计局[2008])。这些生活垃圾中只有25%被回收利用，约3%在焚烧炉中被转化为热能和电力。由于渗滤液和垃圾填埋气的排放，在最好的情况下只有80%的垃圾可以被捕获，垃圾填埋场仍然是废物处理的主要手段，这是一个环境问题。非居住垃圾的产生也是一个令人关切的问题，因为它占加拿大总废物产生的三分之二。此外，考虑到世界垃圾产生量预计将从2012年的13亿吨/年增长到2025年的22亿吨/年和2050年的42亿吨/年，废物管理是一个全球关切的问题(世界银行报告[2012])。

Canadians are among the greatest producers of municipal solid waste (MSW) in the World with 777 kg of MSW per capita disposed in 2008 (Statistics Canada [2008]). Only 25% of these MSW are recycled and approximately 3% are converted to heat and electricity in incinerators. Landfills are still used as the primary means for waste disposal, which represents an environmental concern due to leachate and landfill gas emissions, which only 80% can be captured in best cases. Non-residential waste production is also a concern as it accounted for two-thirds of total waste production in Canada. Furthermore, waste management is a global concern considering that the World’s MSW production rate is expected to grow from 1.3 billion tons/year in 2012 to 2.2 billion tonnes/year in 2025 and to 4.2 billion tons/year in 2050 (World Bank report [2012]).