Structural Control Systems for Seismic and Wind Excitation

除了造成巨大的经济损失外，自然灾害对一个国家可能产生的负面社会影响也是令人震惊的。例如，在2011年2月22日(M6.3级)新西兰克赖斯特彻奇地震期间，大量类似加拿大建筑的建筑被损坏，无法修复，有几座倒塌。这导致182人死亡，中央商务区关闭数月。根据加拿大保险局最近委托的一份报告，加拿大很大一部分建筑在大地震期间将遭受严重破坏或完全倒塌。预计魁北克市-蒙特利尔-渥太华走廊发生大地震将造成超过600亿加元的损失，如果不列颠哥伦比亚省发生大地震，将造成近750亿加元的损失。基础隔震可以用来减少地震引起的建筑物损坏和人员伤亡。此外，高层和柔性建筑容易受到风致运动的影响，这可能会导致居住者不适、结构杆件受力增加、建筑服务中断和建筑围护结构损坏。拟议的研究将侧重于通过开发经济的结构控制系统来降低建筑物对地震或风荷载的脆弱性，这些系统将显著改善建筑性能。这项建议中描述的研究将促进当前的知识状态，并影响结构控制系统的实践状态，有助于实现结构在地震或风激励下的最大性能。通过实验测试和数值模拟，安装了新型部分粘结纤维增强弹性体隔震器(PB-FREI)、多调谐液体阻尼器(MTLD)以及这两种装置在地震或风荷载下的组合的建筑在地震荷载下的性能将被量化。拟议中的研究成果将为当前和下一代工程师配备新的设备和先进的设计工具，包括建筑规范条款和指南，使建筑性能达到更高水平。作为加拿大建筑业的组成部分，该行业雇用超过100万名员工，消耗全国40%的能源和50%的一次资源。价值1300亿美元的加拿大建筑市场需要基于性能的经济技术解决方案，包括具有成本效益的结构控制装置和混合结构控制系统。通过改进用于地震、风力和多种危险应用的结构控制设备，将实现更高水平的建筑性能。这最终将改善加拿大的基础设施，为加拿大社区提供经济、安全和有弹性的建筑。

In addition to inflicting massive economic losses, the negative societal impact a natural disaster can have on a country is astounding. For example, during the 22 February 2011 (M6.3) Christchurch earthquake (New Zealand) a large number of buildings, similar to buildings in Canada, were damaged beyond repair and several collapsed. This resulted in 182 fatalities and closure of the central business district for months. According to a recent report commissioned by the Insurance Bureau of Canada, a substantial portion of Canada’s building stock will experience severe damage or complete collapse during a major earthquake. It is expected that a major earthquake in the Quebec City-Montreal-Ottawa corridor will result in losses of more than C$60 billion, and nearly C$75 billion if a major earthquake were to occur in British Columbia. Base isolation can be utilized to reduce earthquake-induced building damage and loss of life. Furthermore, high-rise and flexible buildings are vulnerable to wind induced motions, which can lead to occupant discomfort, increased structural member forces, building service interruptions and building envelope damage. The proposed research will focus on reducing the vulnerability of buildings to seismic or wind loading through the development of economical structural control systems that will significantly improve building performance. The research described in this proposal will advance the current state-of-knowledge and impact the state-of-practice in structural control systems, facilitating the attainment of maximal structural performance under seismic or wind excitation. Through experimental testing and numerical modelling, the performance of buildings equipped with novel partially bonded fiber reinforced elastomeric isolators (PB-FREI) under seismic loading, multiple tuned liquid dampers (MTLD) under wind excitation, and combinations of both devices under seismic or wind loading will be quantified. Findings from the proposed research will equip current and next generation engineers with novel devices and advanced design tools, including building code provisions and guidelines, enabling higher levels of building performance to be achieved. As an integral part of Canada’s construction industry, which employs over a million people, and consumes 40% of the country's energy and 50% of its primary resources, the $130 billion Canadian building market is in need of economical performance-based technical solutions, including cost-effective structural control devices and hybrid structural control systems. By advancing structural control devices for seismic, wind and multiple hazard applications, higher levels of building performance will be achieved. This will ultimately improve Canada’s infrastructure, providing Canadian communities with economical, safe and resilient buildings.