Experimental Studies of Dynamic River Ice Processes

河冰堵塞是许多加拿大社区关注的主要问题，因为它们对生命和财产构成了重大威胁。冰塞是危险的，因为它们可以非常迅速地形成，并且通常比开放水域事件（例如Selkirk， MB）引起更高的洪水水位。它们也会迅速释放，造成危险的冰和水的涌流（例如AB的麦克默里堡）。2009年，红河上的冰塞造成的洪水使该省的防洪基础设施不堪负荷，因为没有足够的预测模型，不得不匆忙开发以应对迅速上升的水位。据估计，在4小时内，水位上升了1.22米，总水位上升了2.8米。这促使一项440万美元的买断计划，用于红河沿岸易受洪水影响的房产，因为水位的急剧上升使得很难向当地居民发出充分的警告。

River ice jams are of major concern to many Canadian communities as they pose a significant threat to both lives and property. Ice jams are dangerous because they can form very rapidly, and typically cause higher flood levels than open water events (e.g. Selkirk, MB). They can also release quickly, creating dangerous surges of ice and water (e.g. Fort McMurray, AB). Flooding in 2009 caused by ice jams on the Red River strained the limits of the province’s flood control infrastructure as adequate predictive models were not available and had to be hurriedly developed in response to rapidly increasing water levels. It is estimated that water levels during the event rose 1.22 m in 4 hours, with a total rise of 2.8 m. This prompted a $4.4 million buyout program for flood-prone properties along the Red River as the dramatic rise in water level made it difficult to adequately warn the local residents.