Moderating the activity of nickel and potassium catalysts for the gasification and activation of carbonaceous materials

催化剂是一种奇妙的物质，可以提高反应速率，控制化学反应中不需要的产物的产生，并占全球国内生产总值的35%以上。在90%以上的工业过程中使用催化剂，通过降低操作条件的苛刻程度和提高对所需产品的选择性，使过程更加节能和材料效率，从而减少对环境的影响。如果原料和催化剂来自于被视为废物的材料，如石油焦和林业残留物，这些工艺可以变得更加高效和可持续。然而，由于物种之间的相互作用是复杂的，使用废物可能会获得意想不到的结果。

Catalysts are wonderful substances that enhance reaction rates, control the production of undesired products in chemical reactions, and contribute to over 35% of global gross domestic product. Used in over 90% of all industrial processes, catalysts reduce environmental impact by making the processes more energy and material efficient through the reduction of the severity of operating conditions and increased selectivity to the desired products, respectively. These processes can be made even more efficient and sustainable if the feeds and catalysts are obtained from materials that are otherwise viewed as waste, such as petroleum coke and forestry residues. Because the interactions between species are complex, however, unexpected results may be obtained by using wastes.