Development of natural products as novel miticides and anti-virulence agents for the treatment of varroa mites and American foulbrood in honeybees

目前，人工管理和自然生态系统正受到蜜蜂数量大幅下降的威胁。自2006年以来，北美和欧洲的养蜂人每年失去大约三分之一的蜂群。这些蜂群的损失是前所未有的，并且危及了作为开花植物传粉者的蜜蜂的供应，这具有很强的经济和生态影响。这些损失也影响到非栽培植物，土地的良好管家，公众关注的问题，并对养蜂人和依赖蜜蜂授粉的农民产生经济影响。蜂群衰竭失调是指蜂群的大量丧失。尽管造成这一创纪录死亡率的原因仍未确定，但可能是由于蜜蜂面临的一系列压力的综合作用。压力大的蜜蜂抵抗普通幼虫和成虫疾病的能力下降，继发感染变得更加严重。寄生螨的瓦roa破坏者和疾病，如美国臭蝇（AFB），是经常与群体死亡相关的因素之一。

Currently, managed and natural ecosystems are threatened by largely unexplained declines in honeybee populations. Since 2006, North American and European beekeepers have lost about one-third of their colonies every year. These colony losses are unprecedented and have endangered the supply of honeybees as pollinators of flowering plants, which has strong economic and ecological implications. These losses also impact non-cultivated plants, good stewards of the land, public concern, and have economic impact on beekeepers and farmers reliant on bees as pollinators. Colony collapse disorder refers to the massive loss of honeybee colonies. Although the causes of this record mortality remain undetermined, it may be due to a combination of a broad suite of stresses on honeybees. Stressed bees have a reduced capacity to resist common larval and adult diseases and secondary infections become more severe. The parasitic mite Varroa destructor, and diseases like American Foulbrood (AFB), are among the factors frequently associated with colony mortality.