Neuromuscular Modules in Speech Production: Biomechanics and Simulation

降低运动系统的维度，从而减少认知负荷的需求一直被视为运动控制理论的核心挑战。越来越多的神经生理学研究表明，我们的神经系统通过将系统分成神经肌肉模块来处理这个维度问题（参见Safavynia，第二个分析了嘴唇生物力学的状态空间以寻找模块;第三个研究了潜在骨骼结构的作用;第四个研究了神经系统的结构。第四种观点认为叠加是重叠模块的一种模式。这个观点把围绕认知科学中一个中心问题的几个领域联系起来科学，与戏剧性的影响模型的语言控制，其中的细节，外周神经结构和生物力学迄今仍在很大程度上未被探索。此外，在神经肌肉水平上模块化语音将另一个运动系统带入了神经模块的讨论中，并构成了语音运动基元（Ramanarayanan et al. 2013）和最近发现的与语音产生相关的皮层区域（Bouchard et al. 2013）之间潜在的神经肌肉“缺失环节”。

The need to reduce dimensionality of the motor system, and thereby to decrease cognitive load, has long been seen as a central challenge for theories of motor control. A growing body of neurophysiology work suggests that our nervous systems handle this dimensionality problem by chunking the system into neuromuscular modules (see Safavynia the second analyzes the state space of lip biomechanics in search of modules; the third examines the role of the underlying skeletal structure; the fourth considers superposition as a model for overlapping modules.This proposal links several fields surrounding a central question in cognitive science, with dramatic implications for models of speech control, where the details of peripheral neural structures and biomechanics have heretofore remained largely unexplored. Further, modularizing speech at the neuromuscular level brings another motor system into the discussion of neural modules, and constitutes a potential neuromuscular "missing link" between speech movement primitives (Ramanarayanan et al. 2013) and recently discovered cortical regions associated with speech production (Bouchard et al. 2013).