Aerodynamic flow modeling for helicopters landing on ships

飞机的飞行模拟是一个成熟的领域，为社会提供卓越的价值/价格比。飞机和直升机的飞行模拟器可以有效地进行飞行员培训（时间和成本），同时降低失去飞机或更糟的飞行员的风险。该项目旨在提高直升机在船舶上着陆的实时飞行模拟软件包中使用的空气动力学模型的保真度。这些模型将是混合保真度的：无粘流将通过涡格法建模，而粘性流将通过非定常雷诺平均纳维尔-斯托克斯（URANS）方法建模。特别是，重点将放在转子流动模型与周期性运动。压缩性的影响，跨音速流动条件，边界层，和梢涡将被检查，以及船舶尾流的影响，通过一个合作的方法。蒙特利尔理工学院的Laurendeau教授团队将通过致动器盘边界条件检查中央处理器（CPU）/图形处理器（GPU）上的时间精确无粘模型和转子流模型，而麦吉尔大学的Nadarajah教授团队将专注于周期性粘性流模型。CAE将使用商用三维流动解算器检查船舶尾流模型，以提供船舶尾流信息。该项目将为2名硕士提供培训，2位博士和1名实时空气动力学流动模型领域的博士后研究生。研究结果将提高CAE对直升机飞行的飞行模拟能力，并提供可用于风能（风电场）和发动机（涡轮风扇和涡轮螺旋桨）领域的新算法。例如，风力涡轮机行业可以使用该算法来预测风电场尾流效应。船舶工业需要螺旋桨模型。航空航天工业可以从涡轮螺旋桨/涡轮喷气发动机的NLFD方法中受益。新创建的无人机市场在受到监管时，将需要研究尾流效应。最后，该技术可以为民用和军事部门提供更安全和更有效的空中行动。

Flight simulation of aircraft is a well-established field providing excellent value/price ratio to the community. Flight simulators for airplanes and helicopters allow efficient pilot training (time and costs) while reducing risks of losing an aircraft or worse, pilots. This project aims at increasing the fidelity of aerodynamic models used in real-time flight simulation packages for helicopter landing on ships. The models will be of mixed-fidelity: the inviscid flow will be modeled via Vortex Lattice methods, while viscous flows will be modeled via Unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) methods. In particular, emphasis will be placed on rotor flow modeling with periodic motions. The effects of compressibility, transonic flow conditions, boundary-layers, and tip vortex will be examined, as well as the effects of ship wakes by a collaborative approach. Prof. Laurendeau's team at Polytechnique Montréal will examine the time-accurate inviscid models on Central Processing Units (CPU)/Graphics Processing Units (GPU) and on rotor flow models via the actuator disk boundary conditions while Prof. Nadarajah's team at McGill University will concentrate on periodic viscous flow models. CAE will examine the ship wake model with a commercial 3D flow solver to provide information on ship wakes.The project will provide training for 2 M.sc., 2 Ph.D. and 1 Post-Doctoral student in the area of real-time aerodynamic flow models. The results will increase CAE's flight simulation capabilities for helicopter flight, as well as provide novel algorithms that can be used in the field of wind-energy (wind-farms) and engines (turbo-fan and turbo-propellers). For instance, the wind-turbine industry can use the algorithms for the prediction of wind-farm wake effects. The ship industry requires propellers models. The aerospace industry could benefit from the NLFD approach for turbopropellers/turbo-jet engines. The newly created drone market, when regulated, will need to examine wake effects. Finally, the technology can serve the civil as well as the military sectors for more secure and efficient air operations.