Characterisation of genes that regulate centriole stability and ciliogenesis

在大多数有丝分裂过程中发生的染色体分离主要是由微管产生的力完成的。在大多数情况下，这些微管来自基于中心体的微管组织中心。中心体是一个复杂的结构，它包括一对中心粒，周围环绕着一种被称为中心周围物质的蛋白质营养物质。在每个有丝分裂细胞分裂时，中心粒对必须分裂、复制并分离到纺锤体的相对两极，这就是所谓的中心体周期。然而，当细胞停止分裂以执行其末端分化程序时，中心粒也必须认识到这种情况，并相应地阻止中心体周期。随着哺乳动物上皮细胞的最终分裂，子代细胞中未复制的中心粒经历特定的变化并迁移到细胞膜，在那里它们将产生初级纤毛。这些细胞器是细胞膜的延伸，可以促进细胞的运动、机械转导，同时也在细胞信号转导中发挥核心作用。

The chromosome segregation that occurs during most mitotic divisions is accomplished largely by forces generated by microtubules. In most cases these microtubules emanate from the centrosome-based microtubule organising centre. The centrosome is a complex structure that comprises a centriole pair surrounded by a proteinaceous nuage referred to as the pericentriolar material. At each mitotic cell division the centriole pair must split, duplicate and separate to opposing poles of the spindle in what is referred to as the centrosome cycle. However when cells cease their divisions to execute their terminal differentiation program the centrioles too must recognize this condition and accordingly arrest the centrosome cycle. Following the final division in mammalian epithelial cells the unduplicated centrioles present in the daughter cells undergo specific changes and migrate to the cell membrane where they will generate the primary cilium. These organelles are extensions of the cell membrane and can contribute to cell motility, mechanotransduction, while also playing a central role in cell signalling.