Mechanistic insights into meiotic DNA double-strand break formation by Spo11: impact on genetic recombination and aneuploidy

减数分裂在酵母中产生单倍体配子或孢子。在减数分裂前期，同源染色体突触并进行重组。在这个阶段，来自每个亲本的染色体以比营养细胞高100-1000倍的频率重组，导致具有不同遗传特征的配子。减数分裂重组的结果是基因重排、遗传多样性和适当的染色体分离。这一点特别重要，因为未能解决同源物之间的交叉会导致染色体分离缺陷，如不分离(染色体不分离)和非整倍体(定义为染色体数目错误的细胞)。

Meiosis generates haploid gametes or spores in yeast. In meiotic prophase, homologous chromosomes synapse and undergo recombination. At this stage, chromosomes from each parent recombine at frequencies that are 100-1000 fold higher than in vegetative cells leading to gametes with different genetic signatures. The consequences of meiotic recombination are gene rearrangements, genetic diversity and proper chromosome segregation. This is of particular importance as failure to resolve chiasmata between homologs results in chromosome segregation defects such as non-disjunction (non-separation of chromosomes) and aneuploidy (defined as a cell having a wrong number of chromosomes).