Neural Mechanisms Underlying Functional Plasticity of the Human Brain

学习和技能习得在很大程度上依赖于独立于意识意识的内隐过程，在短期和长期时间尺度上都是如此。在短时间尺度上的一个例子是重复启动（RP）——通过重复相同或相关的刺激来提高识别、产生或分类刺激的能力。神经成像显示，RP通常伴随着重复抑制（RS）——大脑中对手头任务至关重要的部分的神经激活减少。尽管有20年的研究，RP和RS之间的联系仍然难以捉摸。许多理论都集中在离散大脑区域内局部活动的变化上。然而，另一种解释是，RS可能是大规模皮质网络之间更有效交流的结果。根据这种说法，重复导致大脑区域之间更有效的耦合（功能连接：FC），这同时减少了局部神经活动并增强了认知表现。然而，到目前为止，几乎没有直接证据支持这一假设。因此，有一个

Learning and skill acquisition rely to a large extent on implicit processes that occur independent of conscious awareness, both on short and long timescales. An example on a short timescale is repetition priming (RP) – improved performance in identifying, producing, or classifying a stimulus upon repetition of the same or a related stimulus. Neuroimaging reveals that RP is often accompanied by repetition suppression (RS) – reduced neural activation in parts of the brain that are critical for the task at hand. Despite 20 years of research, the link between RP and RS remains elusive. Many theories have focused on changes in local activity within discrete brain regions. However, an alternative explanation is that RS might be a consequence of more efficient communication across large-scale cortical networks. By this account, repetition leads to more efficient coupling across brain regions (functional connectivity: FC), which simultaneously reduces local neural activity and enhances cognitive performance. However, there is little direct evidence to support this hypothesis to date. Thus, there is a