Sea ice physical properties and their application to ocean-atmosphere interaction

长期以来认为海洋与大气之间的相互作用不会通过海冰发生的概念是无效的。我们现在知道海冰为海洋-大气交换，特别是二氧化碳交换提供了一个有效的渠道。现在人们认为，海冰（取决于其温度）在形成或生长时可能会产生二氧化碳，这些二氧化碳可能被困在冰中，最终被排放到深海。这些相互作用是由其液体和气体包裹体的形状，位置和连通性调制，其内在属性是由冰内的垂直温度梯度控制，也取决于海冰的类型和年龄。我们的目标是表征海冰中液体和气体包裹体的大小，形状，位置和连通性以及从形成到融化的变化。这些结果是必不可少的，在确定有多少大气中的二氧化碳可能被封存在极地海洋在一个年度周期都通过，并作为一个结果，海冰过程。

The long-standing concept that ocean-atmosphere interaction cannot occur through sea ice is invalid. We now understand sea ice provides a variably effective conduit for ocean-atmosphere exchange, particularly for CO2. It is now thought that sea ice (depending on its temperature) may produce CO2 as it forms or grows, which may be trapped within the ice and eventually exported to the deep ocean. These interactions are modulated by the shape, location and connectivity of its liquid and gas inclusions, the intrinsic properties of which are controlled by a vertical temperature gradient within the ice and depend also on the sea ice type and age. We aim to characterize the size, shape, location and connectedness of liquid and gas inclusions in sea ice and changes therein from formation to melting. These results are imperative in determining how much atmospheric CO2 may be sequestered in polar oceans over an annual cycle both through, and as a result of, sea ice processes.