Automation of Construction Operations through Modular and Offsite Technologies

现场粘接施工过程因效率低下、材料和工艺浪费以及对环境的重大影响而受到阻碍。这一过程限制了技术和生产力创新，以及特定学科专业人员交流信息和知识的能力。拟议计划的目标是通过缩小工程、制造和现场安装之间的差距来支持以制造为基础的施工过程。该计划将利用设施的3D建模，这是一种利用制造方法来建立改进的设计和施工方法的过程。这项研究试图通过利用建筑信息建模(BIM)将信息加载到3D模型中来建立创新的解决方案。基于基于BIM的3D建模框架的研究，预期在以下目标方面取得重大进展：(1)制造设计和绘图的自动化；(2)努力提高建筑制造系统的生产率和灵活性；(3)人机工程学分析，以及对建筑活动对工人的物理需求的评估；(4)开发数学算法来优化材料使用，以及最大限度地减少建筑材料浪费；以及(5)对减少施工过程中的二氧化碳足迹的步骤进行量化并提出建议。通过这项基于3D模型的研究，预计在提高生产率、增强自动化、材料优化、减少对环境的影响以及减轻健康和安全风险方面将取得进展。

The on-site stick-built construction process is hindered by inefficiency, material and process waste, and a significant environmental impact. This process limits technological and productivity innovations, as well as the ability of discipline-specific professionals to communicate information and knowledge. The objective of the proposed program is to support the manufacturing-based construction process by narrowing the gap between engineering, manufacturing, and on-site installation. The program will utilize 3D modeling of facilities, a process which capitalizes on a manufacturing approach in order to establish improved design and construction methods. This research seeks to establish innovative solutions by front-loading the 3D-model with information utilizing Building Information Modeling (BIM).Based on research within a BIM-based 3D-modeling framework, significant advancements are expected with respect to the following objectives: (1) automation of design and drafting for manufacturing; (2) efforts to increase productivity and flexibility of the building manufacturing system; (3) ergonomic analysis, as well as assessment of the physical demands of construction activities on workers; (4) development of mathematical algorithms to optimize material usage, as well as to minimize construction material waste; and (5) quantification and suggestion of steps towards the reduction of the CO2 footprint of the construction process. Advances are expected in terms of increased productivity, enhanced automation, materials optimization, reduced environmental impact, and the mitigation of health and safety risks by virtue of this 3D-model-based research.