Characterization of Multi-Scale Discrete Fracture Network Systems in Unconventional Reservoirs Using Dynamic Data

近年来，由于世界范围内的资源量巨大，非常规致密或页岩储层的开发受到了广泛的关注。水平井采用多级水力压裂技术，以提高储层接触面积，实现经济生产。由于现有裂缝的存在，如果水力裂缝可以连接到甜点，这种增产技术特别有效。致密/页岩储层可以被定义为具有两个不同子系统的双重介质：基质和裂缝。由于两种体系的渗透率差异很大，因此两种体系的流动时间尺度差异很大。基质具有非常低的原位渗透率，而裂缝是具有非常高渗透率的局部不连续。裂缝可以是位于井筒周围的大裂缝（如水力裂缝），也可以是位于远离增产层的小裂缝（如微裂缝）。需要注意的是，该方案侧重于页岩/致密油气储层的原位开发，未考虑油页岩的露天开采。

Development of unconventional tight or shale reservoirs has received much attention in recent years because of the large resource estimates worldwide. Horizontal wells with multi-stage hydraulic fracturing are drilled to enhance reservoir contact area and to achieve economic production rates. This stimulation technique is particularly efficient if hydraulic fractures can connect to sweet spots due to the presence of existing fractures. A tight/shale reservoir can be conceptualized as a dual-medium with two distinct sub-systems: matrix and fracture. The time scales for flow in the two systems differ significantly due to the high contrast in their permeability. The matrix has a very low in-situ permeability, while the fracture is a local discontinuity with a very high permeability. Fractures can be large and localized around the wellbore (e.g., hydraulic fractures) or small and located away from the stimulated zone (e.g., micro fractures). It should be noted that this proposal focuses on in-situ development of shale/tight oil/gas reservoirs, while surface mining of oil shale is not considered.