Evaluating adsorption of PFAS on Liquid Activated Carbon for the remediation of contaminated sites

全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）是新兴的地下水污染物，对加拿大，美国，欧洲，中国和澳大利亚的饮用水资源构成广泛的风险。PFAS化合物在地下水中相对移动的，通常不受自然和强化降解过程的影响。目前，不存在一种有效的现场方法来补救PFAS污染的场地。该项目将研究液态活性炭（LAC）在与污染场地相关的条件下吸附各种PFAS化合物的能力，目的是开发一种有效的原位修复方法。LAC由非常小的活性炭颗粒（直径为1至2微米）组成，这些颗粒很容易流过透射砂层中的孔隙。在注入地下后，LAC将附着在土壤颗粒上，形成一个固定的屏障区，可以吸附PFAS化合物并将其从水相中除去。在这个项目中，我们将进行一系列的吸附实验，以调查和比较每种PFAS化合物的吸附到LAC上，并了解竞争吸附如何影响PFAS在LAC应用地点的命运和运输。这项研究的结果将有助于开发和优化基于LAC的补救系统。这项研究还将帮助我们的行业合作伙伴，孔隙水解决方案，开发一个反应传输模型，能够预测LAC在修复PFAS污染场地的效率。

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are emerging groundwater contaminants which pose widespread risks to drinking water resources in Canada, the United States, Europe, China, and Australia. PFAS compounds are relatively mobile in groundwater and are generally recalcitrant to natural and enhanced degradation processes. Currently, an effective in situapproach to remediate PFAS-contaminated sites does not exist. This project will investigate the ability of Liquid Activated Carbon (LAC) to adsorb a wide variety of PFAS compounds under conditions relevant to contaminated sites with the goal to develop an effective in situ remediation approach. LAC consists of very small particles of activated carbon (1 to 2 microns in diameter), which flow readily through pore spaces in transmissive sand zones. Upon injection into the subsurface, LAC will attach to soil grains, creating a stationary barrier zone that can adsorb PFAS compounds and remove them from the aqueous phase. In this project, we will conduct a series of adsorption experiments to investigate and compare the adsorption of each PFAS compound onto LAC, and to understand how competitive adsorption influences the fate and transport of PFAS at sites where LAC will be applied. The findings from this research will help develop and optimize LAC-based remedial systems. The research also will help our industry partner, Porewater Solutions, develop a reactive transport model capable of predicting the efficiency of LAC at remediating PFAScontaminated sites.