New Biochar-enzyme impregnated micro and nano systems (BEMS/BENS) for efficient degradation of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in wastewater and drinking water

药物活性化合物是新出现的令人关切的污染物，主要源自地表水和饮用沃茨，因为它们在饮用水/废水中具有持久性。PhAC在某些环境中的含量高到足以伤害水生生物。在常规（例如活性污泥）废水处理过程中和在高级（例如臭氧化和膜过滤）处理过程中，PhAC不能有效地去除。大多数先进的处理方法需要新的基础设施，增加了处理成本。在这种情况下，可以开发新的生物炭-酶浸渍的微米和纳米系统（BEMS/BENS），可以完全去除处理后的废水/水流中的这些新出现的污染物，而无需额外的基础设施投入。本研究主要包括以下几个方面的内容：1）开发不同的生物炭-木质素降解酶浸渍的微米和纳米系统2）使用包含主要PhAC（例如卡马西平、吉非罗齐、萘普生、双氯芬酸和磺胺甲恶唑）的模拟废水/水进行BEMS/BENS的性能测试; 3）最佳性能技术的技术经济分析和4）在真实的废水条件下的技术经济过程的实验室规模研究。除了提供发生率数据外，该项目还将探测这些化合物在BEMS/BENS处理过程中的归宿，以衡量处理技术的影响，提供关于这些化合物的持久性或转化以及残留毒性的重要信息。拟议的项目将产生重大的环境和经济影响，因为它将导致一种处理含有PhAC的废水沃茨/沃茨的创新方法，开发的技术可以加强加拿大在废水和水处理领域已经存在的强大的环境技术部门。该项目还将为保护健康和环境的联邦环境管理机构增加关于PhAC的重要数据库。此外，这项研究是非常及时的HQP生成在这个即将到来的和关键的环境领域。

Pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) represent pollutants of emerging concern, originating in surface and drinking waters largely from their persistence in drinking water/ wastewater effluent. PhACs have been present in some environments at levels higher enough to harm aquatic organisms. PhACs during conventional (e.g. activated sludge) wastewater treatment and during advanced (e.g. ozonation and membrane filtration) treatment processes are not efficiently removed. Most of the advanced treatment methods demand new infrastructure increasing treatment costs. In this context, novel biochar-enzyme impregnated micro and nano systems (BEMS/BENS) can be developed that can lead to the complete removal of these emerging pollutants in the treated wastewater/water streams without extra infrastructure input. The proposed project comprises the following objectives: 1) Development of different biochar-ligninolytic enzyme impregnated micro and nano systems (BEMS/BENS); 2) Performance testing of BEMS/BENS using simulated wastewater/water comprising major PhACs, such as carbamazepine, gemfibrozil, naproxen, diclofenac and sulfamethoxazole; 3) Techno-economical analysis of the best performing technologies and 4) Bench scale study of techno-economical processes in real wastewater conditions. In addition to providing occurrence data, the project will probe the fate of these compounds during treatment in BEMS/BENS to measure the impact of the treatment technique giving important information on the persistence or transformation and residual toxicity of these compounds. The proposed project will have significant environmental and economical impact as it will lead to an innovative method for treatment of wastewaters/waters laced with PhACs and the developed technology can enhance the already existing strong Canadian environmental technology sector in the field of wastewater and water treatment. The project will also add important database on PhACs for the federal environmental regulatory agencies protecting health and environment. Furthermore, this research is very timely in generating HQP in this upcoming and critical environmental field.