Aerosol Sources, Transport and Sinks in Marine and Polar Regions

悬浮在大气中的液体和固体颗粒称为气溶胶。这些粒子可以通过直接散射和吸收阳光来减少入射的太阳辐射，或者通过形成云来间接地影响气候，而云可以有效地反射入射的阳光。气溶胶颗粒也会造成雾霾，从而降低能见度，增加健康风险，导致过早死亡，从而对空气质量产生负面影响。最后，二恶英等有机污染物可以被气溶胶颗粒吸收到表面。这代表了这些化学物质从大气到地表（包括水和陆地）的重要运输机制。因此，了解大气中气溶胶的来源、运输和损失过程是至关重要的，以便更好地描述所有这些影响。这项工作的总体目标是研究大气中的这些气溶胶过程，以便在全球气候模式中准确地捕捉它们的生命周期。特别是，这项研究将集中在海洋和极地环境中发生的过程。加拿大拥有世界上最长的海岸线和北部的既得利益，这项研究的结果将与加拿大人及时相关。**具体项目将研究海洋雾事件，研究雾滴形成过程、水化学反应和海洋气溶胶对雾滴形成的影响。将对气溶胶颗粒和雾滴进行实时化学和物理特性测量，以阐明导致颗粒形成液滴的机制。这些发现将适用于预测沿海雾事件的能见度，并可以外推到覆盖大部分海洋的流行层状云的形成。**此外，将研究高北极地区的气溶胶颗粒化学成分，并使用实时气溶胶质谱仪来了解它们的来源和全年向北极的运输。随着未来几十年工业活动的增加和北极空气化学成分的变化，这将成为一个重要的基线。这项工作的结果将与致力于确保北极当地居民的健康和环境不受负面影响的监管机构高度相关。**学生将使用最先进的气溶胶设备，并从跨学科的互动中受益。他们还将受益于在该领域进行研究，这些研究将得到实验室实验或计算机模拟的补充，以扩大他们的研究方法。此外，学生将受益于与其他部门、大学和政府机构的合作，这将扩展他们的网络，并接触到加拿大不同层次的研究。

Liquid and solid particles suspended in the atmosphere are called aerosol. These particles can affect climate by reducing the incoming solar radiation either directly by scattering and absorbing sunlight, or indirectly by forming clouds, which can efficiently reflect incoming sunlight. Aerosol particles can also contribute to smog, which negatively affects air quality by reducing visibility and increasing health risks that lead to earlier mortality. Finally, organic contaminants such as dioxins can absorb to the surface of aerosol particles. This represent an important transport mechanism for these chemicals from the atmosphere to the surface, both water and land. Therefore, understanding the sources, transport and loss processes of aerosol in the atmosphere is vital in order to better characterize all of these effects. The overall goal of this work is to study these aerosol processes in the atmosphere in order to accurately capture their life cycle in global climate models. In particular, this research will focus on processes occurring in marine and polar environments. With the world's longest coastline and a vested interest in the north, the results from this research will be of timely relevance to Canadians.**Specific projects will study marine fog events to investigate the process of droplet formation, aqueous chemical reactions and the influence of marine aerosol on droplet formation. Measurements of real-time chemical and physical properties will be made of the aerosol particles and fog droplets in order to elucidate the mechanisms that cause particles to form droplets. These findings will be applicable to predicting visibility of coastal fog events and can be extrapolated to the formation of prevalent stratiform clouds that cover much of the ocean. **In addition, aerosol particle chemical composition in the high Arctic will be studied and used to understand their sources and transport to the Arctic throughout the year using a real-time aerosol mass spectrometer. This will serve as an important baseline as industrial activity increases in the coming decades and the chemical composition of the Arctic air changes. The results from this work will be highly relevant to regulatory agencies that work to ensure that the health of the local population and environment of the Arctic are not negatively affected. **Students will work with state-of-the-art aerosol equipment and benefit from cross-disciplinary interactions. They will also benefit from conducting research in the field that will be complemented by either laboratory experiments or computer simulations in order to broaden their approach to research. In addition, the students will profit from collaborations with other departments, universities and government agencies that will extend their network and exposure to research at different levels in Canada.