A multi-scale analysis of subglacial hydrology and ice dynamics

冰下环境的状态是对上覆冰流动的一级控制。随着全球变暖，越来越多的水到达冰床界面，基础水文的发展是气候变化对冰动力的影响和由此导致的海平面上升之间的直接联系。进入冰下环境的困难阻碍了对基础过程的详细了解，关于水在南极和格陵兰冰盖底部以及较小但非常脆弱的山谷冰川中的作用的重要问题仍然存在。随着复杂的二维耦合模型的引入，数值模型的使用越来越有利于研究基础水文，这些模型代表了高效和低效的排水。当它与卫星遥感、地球物理调查和现场数据收集的数据输入相结合时，它为解决目前缺乏知识的领域提供了一种强有力的方法。******该研究项目将在各种空间和时间尺度上利用这些方法，从格陵兰岛和南极的条件，到育空地区山谷冰川的较小尺度过程，并在全球气候背景下将较小和较大尺度系统联系在一起。研究计划的短期目标是（1-5年）1)调查冰下水文对快速流动的南极冰流的控制，2)检查南极冰架和格陵兰潮汐冰川的冰-海洋相互作用，3)解决气候在育空地区冰川动态中的作用，长期目标是（3-10年）。利用目标1至目标3至目标4的产出，将基础过程和冰下水文纳入大尺度冰盖和全球气候模型。******这些在多个空间和时间尺度上对冰下水文和冰动力学的调查结果将使我们对世界各地冰团的基本状况有一个前所未有的了解。最先进的模型和包括遥感和现场收集在内的多种来源的数据相结合，将为这些脆弱的系统提供独特和详细的视图。改进冰盖模式和全球气候模式预测的长期目标将利用从个别研究目标中获得的结果和经验，并为政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）的下一次报告作出贡献。除了这种全球方法之外，个别项目还将阐明对气候变化最敏感的一些地区的冰动力学控制，包括格陵兰冰盖的消融区、南极冰流、南极冰架和山谷冰川，这些地区目前由于气温变暖而减少得最快。

The state of the subglacial environment is a first-order control on the flow of overlying ice. With greater volumes of water reaching the ice-bed interface in a warming world, basal hydrology development is a direct link between the impacts of climate change on ice dynamics and resulting sea-level rise. The difficulty of access to subglacial environments has hindered a detailed understanding of basal processes and vital questions remain about the role of water at the base of the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets and in smaller but highly vulnerable valley glaciers. Use of numerical models is becoming increasingly beneficial for examining basal hydrology with the introduction of sophisticated 2D coupled models representing efficient and inefficient drainage. When this is combined with data inputs from satellite remote sensing, geophysical surveys and in situ data collection, it provides a powerful method for addressing areas where knowledge is currently lacking.******This research program will utilize such methods on a variety of spatial and temporal scales ranging from conditions in Greenland and the Antarctic, to smaller scale processes at valley glaciers in the Yukon Territory and linking together the smaller and larger scale systems in the context of global climate. The research program objectives are in the short term (1-5 years) to 1) investigate the controls of subglacial hydrology on fast-flowing Antarctic ice streams, 2) examine ice-ocean interaction at Antarctic ice shelves and Greenland tidewater glaciers, 3) address the role of climate in glacier dynamics in the Yukon Territory and, in the longer term (3-10 years), utilize the outputs from objectives 1 through 3 to 4) incorporate basal processes and subglacial hydrology into large-scale ice sheet and global climate models. ******The outputs from these investigations into subglacial hydrology and ice dynamics over multiple spatial and temporal scales will give an unprecedented view of basal conditions of ice masses across the world. The combination of state-of-the-art models and data from multiple sources including remote sensing and in situ collection will provide a unique and detailed view of these vulnerable systems. The long-term goal to improve ice sheet models and global climate model predictions will utilize the results and experience gained from the individual research objectives and contribute to the next iterations of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report. In addition to this global approach, the individual projects will illuminate controls on ice dynamics for some of the regions most sensitive to climate-induced change, including the ablation area of the Greenland Ice Sheet, Antarctic ice streams, Antarctic ice shelves and valley glaciers that are currently diminishing the most rapidly due to warming temperatures.