Decentralized Operation, Control, and Communications in Smart Grid

分布式能源（DER）的高渗透水平，预计在未来的智能电网。DER的典型示例包括分布式发电（DG）单元，例如光伏板和风力涡轮机，以及分布式存储（DS）单元，例如电池、飞轮和具有车辆到电网能力的插电式电动车辆（PEV）。由于DER的集成主要发生在本质上对成本敏感的配电系统和微电网中，因此在大量DG和DS单元上建立集中式操作和控制变得不可行。另一方面，分散的操作和控制可以基于具有成本效益的无线网络和计算设备来应用，并且非常适合DER集成的即插即用性质。尽管有这些优点，但由于DG单元的随机输出、DS单元的缓冲效应以及无线通信介质上的通信延迟和数据包丢失，在智能电网中通过无线通信开发分散式操作和控制方案在技术上具有挑战性。在这个发现研究计划中，将开发随机模型来评估分散式DER操作对配电系统的影响，同时考虑DG单元的随机输出和DS单元的缓冲效应。基于随机模型，DER的操作将被优化，以最大限度地提高整体利用率。此外，低成本的短距离无线网络将被用来促进DER之间的信息交换，在此基础上，基于分布式共识的分散DER控制将被建立，以提高微电网的稳定性。创新的组网算法和异构网络架构的设计将提高微电网中无线通信的效率。* 研究的跨学科性质将为智能电网中高效可靠的DER集成确定新的机会，否则在孤立的方法中是不可能的。它将产生新的知识，并为信息和通信技术（ICT）和电力行业培训高素质人才。

A high penetration level of distributed energy resources (DER) is expected in the future smart grid. Typical examples of DER include distributed generation (DG) units such as photovoltaic panels and wind turbines, and distributed storage (DS) units such as batteries, flywheels and plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) with vehicle-to-grid capabilities. As the integration of DER mainly takes place in power distribution systems and microgrids which are cost-sensitive in nature, establishing centralized operation and control over a large number of DG and DS units becomes infeasible. On the other hand, decentralized operation and control can be applied based on cost-effective wireless networks and computing devices, and fit well to the plug-and-play nature of DER integration. Despite all the advantages, developing decentralized operation and control schemes via wireless communications in smart grid is technically challenging due to the random output of DG units, buffering effect of DS units, and communication delays and packet losses over a wireless communication medium.****In this Discovery research program, stochastic models will be developed to assess the impact of decentralized DER operation on power distribution system, taking into account the random output of DG units and buffering effect of DS units. Based on the stochastic models, the operation of DER will be optimized to maximize the overall utilization. Moreover, low-cost short-range wireless networks will be leveraged to facilitate the information exchange among DER, based on which distributed consensus based decentralized DER control will be established to improve the stability of microgrid. Innovative networking algorithm and heterogeneous network architecture will be designed to improve the efficiency of wireless communications in microgrid. ****The interdisciplinary nature of the research will identify new opportunities for efficient and reliable DER integration in smart grid that are otherwise impossible in isolated approaches. It will generate new knowledge and train highly qualified personnel (HQP) for both information and communication technology (ICT) and electric power industries.**