Characterization of small wind turbine system dynamics**

小型风力涡轮机已被证明是一种很有前途的方式，可以为北极和其他偏远地区的社区提供当地经济有效的能源。Borrum Energy Solutions在现有的加拿大1kw风力涡轮机的基础上，正在开发一种小型风力涡轮机，专门针对偏远北极地区独特的气候、操作和后勤挑战。确保新的小型风力涡轮机设计能够高效可靠地发电是至关重要的，这需要在设计过程中对细节进行额外的关注，包括对涡轮机动力学、负载和瞬态运行的仔细关注。对小型风力涡轮机动力学的了解不如大型公用事业规模的风力涡轮机发展得好。该项目建议通过测量Borrum的原型涡轮机，并对涡轮机对风力波动的响应进行直接、高分辨率（32 Hz）的测量，来解决这一需求，这在这种规模的涡轮机的文献中是罕见的。实验将在现有的测试地点进行，利用研究人员先前在这类实验调查中的经验。定制传感器将适合记录偏航角和翻滚尾角。转子转速，功率输出和风力条件也将被记录。现场测量的结果数据库将与现有的动态和滚动模型（FAST v7）的滚动行为和动态响应预测进行比较。卷起和其他动力响应将被孤立和整体分析，以确定卷起几何形状对涡轮能量输出和结构载荷的影响。分析结果将用于立即支持Borrum的风力涡轮机设计，并研究低惯性，小型风力涡轮机在滚动，启动和突然风向变化中的独特动力学。该项目将为小型风力涡轮机设计领域提供新知识，同时支持一家加拿大公司开发可靠和可预测的能源发电技术，该技术有可能降低偏远和北部社区的能源成本和环境影响。

Small wind turbines have been shown to be a promising means of providing local, cost-effective energy in communities in the Arctic and other remote locations. Building off an existing, proven Canadian 1 kW wind turbine, Borrum Energy Solutions is developing a small wind turbine specifically for the unique climate, operational and logistical challenges of remote Arctic locations. Ensuring that the new small wind turbine design will produce power efficiently and reliably is essential, which requires extra attention to detail in the design process, including careful attention to turbine dynamics, loads and transient operations. Understanding of small wind turbine dynamics is not as well developed as for larger utility-scale wind turbines. This project proposes to address this need by instrumenting Borrum's prototype turbine and taking direct, high resolution (32 Hz) measurements of the turbine response to wind fluctuations, something that is rare in the literature for turbines at this scale. Experiments will be conducted at an existing test site, utilizing the researcher's prior experience with this class of experimental investigation. Custom sensors will be fit to record yaw angle and furling tail angle. Rotor speed, power output, and wind conditions will also be recorded. The resulting database of field measurements will be compared to predictions of furling behavior and dynamic responses from an existing dynamics and furling model (FAST v7). Furling and other dynamic responses will be isolated and ensemble analyzed to determine the effect of furling geometry on the turbine energy output and structural loads. The analysis results will be used to both immediately support wind turbine design at Borrum and investigate the unique dynamics of low inertia, small wind turbines in furling, start-up and sudden wind changes. This project will contribute new knowledge in the field of small wind turbine design, while supporting a Canadian company in the development of a reliable and predictable energy generation technology that has the potential to reduce energy costs and environmental impacts in remote and Northern communities.