Finite element modelling of the brain during helmeted impacts to the head**********

脑震荡是加拿大职业和业余运动员参与体育运动的一个重要问题，特别是像曲棍球和足球这样的身体接触运动。然而，尚未解决的挑战是了解不同的头盔设计如何帮助大脑，大脑被封闭在坚硬的头骨内，很难通过实验观察。因此，我们将进行先进的计算模拟，以了解不同的头盔冲击如何影响大脑的机械反应。** **拟议的研究包括紧密结合的三部分工作。首先，我们将进行高速率撞击，以了解头部的线性和旋转运动。其次，我们将进行先进的建模，以系统地了解各种影响如何影响大脑应变。这种头盔设计和大脑反应之间的系统理解是迫切需要的，并且将通过本项目提出的实验和数值结合的方法来实现。第三，我们将进行统计分析，了解各种头盔与头部反应之间的相关性，包括线性加速度、旋转加速度、运动学评分和大脑反应。总的来说，这个项目将有助于开发新的头盔，可以更好地帮助人类的大脑，而不是减少假头的头部运动学。****

Concussion emerges as a significant issue for Canadian professional and amateur players involved in sports, especially contact sports such as hockey and football. However, the unresolved challenge is to understand how different helmet designs help the brain, which is enclosed inside the stiff skull and hard to experimentally observe. Hence, we will conduct advanced computational simulations to understand how different helmeted impacts affect brain mechanical responses.** **The proposed research includes three sections of work that are tightly integrated. First, we will conduct high-rate impacts to understand head linear and rotational motions. Second, we will conduct advanced modelling to systematically understand how various impacts affect brain strains. Such a systematic understanding between helmet designs and brain responses is urgently needed and will be achieved through a combined experimental and numerical approach proposed in this project. Third, we will conduct statistical analysis to understand the correlations between various helmets and head responses including linear acceleration, rotational acceleration, kinematics score, and brain responses. Overall, this project will help develop new helmets that can better help a human brain rather than reducing head kinematics of a dummy head.****