Seismic Loss Estimation of Modular Steel Buildings****

钢材具有较高的强度重量比，是高层建筑的首选建筑材料。在传统的钢结构建筑施工中，所有结构和非结构构件的组装都是在施工现场进行的。另一方面，模块化建筑是一种相对较新的钢结构施工技术，其体积模块在工厂完全建造和完工，并在现场组装形成永久建筑。这种方法由于减少了施工时间和材料浪费，提高了质量，因此得到了普及。模块化结构在高层建筑中的应用在世界范围内是比较新的；而在加拿大，目前应用的模块化钢结构主要是高度不超过三层的结构。由于水平荷载需求的增加，高层建筑对地震很敏感，它们的延性和超强系数-抗震设计的关键参数-取决于建筑高度。随着模块化钢结构建筑高度的增加，强度储备和延性都会降低。在目前版本的加拿大国家建筑规范中，这些系数仅根据地震力抵抗体系来定义。缺乏对这两个因素与建筑高度之间的相关性的了解，可能会导致高层模块化钢结构建筑的设计不足。通过详细的非线性静力和动力分析，并通过建立地震损失估算关系，拟议的研究将专门研究模块化钢结构建筑的关键抗震设计参数。通过将行业合作伙伴的设计经验与多伦多大学在高级模拟和地震工程方面的研究团队的专业知识相结合，这项合作研究的结果将为加拿大的模块化建筑部门带来显著的好处。**

Due to its high strength to weight ratio steel is preferred as the construction material for high rise buildings. During the traditional construction of steel buildings the assembly of all the structural and non-structural components is done on the construction site. On the other hand, modular construction is a relatively new construction technique for steel structures where volumetric modules are fully constructed and finished in a factory, and they are assembled on-site to form a permanent building. This method has gained popularity due to reduced construction time and material waste, and increased quality. The application of modular construction for high-rise buildings is relatively recent around the world; and in Canada the current application of modular steel construction mainly consists of structures that are not more than three-stories in height. High-rise buildings are sensitive to earthquakes due to increased lateral load demand and their ductility and overstrength factors - key parameters for seismic design - depend on the building height. As the height of the modular steel building increases both the reserve of strength and ductility decrease. In the current version of the National Building Code of Canada, these factors are defined according to the seismic force resisting system only. The lack of understanding of the correlation between these two factors and the building height could lead to inadequate designs of high-rise modular steel buildings. Through detailed nonlinear static and dynamic analyses and by developing seismic loss estimation relationships, the proposed research will investigate the key seismic design parameters specifically for modular steel buildings. By combining the design experience of the industry partner and the expertise of University of Toronto's research team in advanced simulation and earthquake engineering, the results of this collaborative research will yield significant benefits for the Canadian modular construction sector.**