The Dynamic Processes Underlying Decision Making Under Time-Pressure

每天我们都会遇到必须迅速决定行动方针的情况。例如，我们可能需要在不烫伤自己的情况下迅速关掉炉子上沸腾的锅，或者在驾驶时发现并做出反应以避免可能的道路危险。总的来说，我们需要选择和执行行动来实现我们的目标，避免消极的结果。要做到这一点，我们必须首先关注环境中的适当信息，以获得做出决策所需的信息。一旦我们获得了信息，我们就必须在选择和计划行动时适当地权衡这些信息。这项研究的长期目标是了解这些影响快速视觉运动决策的过程。****为了实现这一目标，拟议的研究将使用伸手动作来评估环境对我们行为的积极和消极后果的影响。统计决策理论可以用来计算什么是最优的行动方案，然后参与者的行为可以比较最优的行为。许多问题将得到回答，包括我们是否同样关注积极和消极相关的刺激，以及快速决策的经验和训练如何影响我们是否做出最佳决策。拟议中的研究还将确定我们在如何做决定方面是否存在个体差异。因此，本研究将探讨影响视觉运动决策的环境因素和个人因素。****这项研究将通过提供对有助于快速决策的过程的更好理解来推进决策的理论工作。从长远来看，这些发现可以应用于现实环境中，在这些环境中，快速、最佳的决策至关重要，例如航空、道路安全和作战决策。**

Every day we encounter situations where we must rapidly decide on a course of action. For instance, we may need to quickly reach to turn off pot that is boiling over on the stove without burning ourselves or detect and then react to avoid possible road dangers while driving. Overall, we need to select and perform actions that achieve our goals and avoid negative outcomes. To do this, we must first attend to the appropriate information in the environment to gain the necessary information to make a decision. Once we have gained the information we then have to weigh the information appropriately when selecting and planning actions. The long-term goal of the proposed research is to understand these processes that influence rapid visuomotor decision-making. ****To achieve this goal, the proposed research will use reaching movements to assess the influence of positive and negative consequences embedded the environment on our behaviour. Statistical decision theory can be used to calculate what would be the optimal course of action and then participants' behaviour can be compared optimal behaviour. A number of questions will be answered including whether we attend to positive and negatively associated stimuli similarly and how experience and training with rapid decision making affects whether we make optimal decisions. The proposed research will also determine if there are individual differences in how we make decisions. Therefore, the proposal will explore both the contextual and personal factors that affect visuomotor decision making.****This research will advance theoretical work in decision making by providing a better understanding of the processes that contribute to rapid decision making. In the long term, these findings can be applied in real-world settings where rapid, optimal decision making is critical such as in aviation, road safety and combat decision making. **