Development, characterization, and mechanisms of performance of new environmentally friendly metal working fluids.

钛等轻质材料和镍合金等耐高温材料对汽车和航空航天行业的吸引力因加工这类合金的难度而受到影响。这些合金的加工受到高温和粘结的困扰，最终导致刀具和已加工合金的严重损坏。然而，机械加工是金属零件生产中必不可少的一部分，即使是铸件也需要某种形式的机械加工。虽然已经观察到加工参数的操纵提高了工作刀具的寿命，但对减轻加工刀具的粘着或磨损几乎没有影响。可以通过使用润滑剂和冷却液(金属加工液)来降低加工的难度。事实证明，金属加工液对机械加工过程、控制温度、减少摩擦以及消除加工区域的碎屑至关重要。然而，目前的金属加工液存在不利的环境问题，而其他建议的冷却技术并不能完全消除对这些加工液的需求。因此，目前的润滑和冷却剂解决方案不能充分或有效地解决加工难加工合金的问题。环境友好型金属加工液的应用是解决这一问题的一个实际解决方案，这是本研究的基础。本研究将研究几种环保型金属加工液和添加剂类型对轻质合金加工的影响。从而可以为当前的金属加工液引入具有优异润滑性的环境友好替代品。除了巨大的环境优势外，机械加工工艺的改进也将带来成本效益。它还将更好地理解环境友好型添加剂、金属加工液和机械加工过程之间的相互作用。最后，该项目的结果将提高加拿大航空航天和汽车公司的竞争力，提高制造商使用的工艺的质量和产量，同时对环境指标产生积极影响。

The appeal of lightweight materials like titanium and high temperature corrosion resistant materials like nickel alloys to the automotive and aerospace industries is marred by the difficulty involved in machining such alloys. The machining of these alloys is plagued by high temperatures and adhesion which eventually lead to severe damage of tools and the machined alloy. However, machining is an essential part of the production of metal parts, even cast parts require some form of machining. Although the manipulation of machining parameters have been observe improve the life of the work tool, it bears little influence on mitigating adhesion or wear of the machining tool. The difficulties of machining can be reduced by the employment of lubricants and coolants (metalworking fluids). Metalworking fluids have proven essential to the machining process, controlling temperature, reducing friction as well as eliminating debris from the machining zone. However, present metalworking fluids posse adverse environmental issues, while other proposed cooling techniques do not completely eliminate the need of these fluids. Therefore, current lubrication and coolant solutions do not adequately or efficiently solve the issue of working with difficult-to-machine alloys. A practical solution to this issue is the application of environmentally friendly metalworking fluids, which is the basis of this research. This study will investigate the influence of several environmentally friendly metalworking fluids and additives types on the machining of lightweight alloys. Thus allowing the introduction of environmentally friendly alternatives with superior lubricity to current metalworking fluids. In addition to the vast environmental advantages, there would also be cost benefits due to the improvement of the machining process. It would also establish a better understanding of the interactions of environmentally friendly additives, metalworking fluids and the machining process. Finally, the results of this project will increase the competitiveness of Canadian aerospace and automotive companies by increasing the quality and throughput aspects of processes used by the manufacturers while providing a positive impact on environmental indicators.****