Emissions control for small marine vehicles

衡量人类活动对地球大气影响的一个很好的指标是氮氧化物的浓度，统称为NOx，其中二氧化氮（NO2）和一氧化氮（NO）是最重要的。氮氧化物与地面挥发性有机物、大气中的氧气和水蒸气在阳光下相互作用，与近地表臭氧、烟雾和酸雨有关，每一种都对动植物生命造成有害后果。化石燃料的燃烧是氮氧化物污染的主要原因，需要进行废气治理。从2021年1月起，规定大型船舶氮氧化物限值的法规现已扩展至包括所有长度小于24米的小型船舶。与这些小型船用柴油发动机相匹配的废气治理装置尚未投入生产，2020年后设计和建造的此类船舶将被要求安装系统以满足排放标准。这可能涉及使用超大系统。该提案旨在创建替代方案，允许更好地匹配系统，以提供更好的性能，而不会产生不匹配的成本。该提案概述了与加拿大海军建筑公司的首次合作，该公司在全球范围内销售，设计中小型游艇和其他公用事业船舶。我们将研究废气治理方法，为小型船舶提供几种新的选择，这些选择符合拟议的要求，并为满足未来日益严格的要求提供选择。目前使用尿素或其他氨源来减少氮氧化物是繁重的，替代品将在这项研究中提出和审查。从长远来看，我们的目标是为船舶废气治理问题提供新的解决方案，直到建立柴油发电厂的替代品。

A good measure of the effect of human activity on the earth's atmosphere is the concentration of nitrogen oxides, collectively referred to as NOx, with nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and nitric oxide (NO) being the most significant. The interaction of NOx with ground-level volatile organics, atmospheric oxygen and water vapour, in sunlight, is associated with near-surface ozone, smog and acid rain, each with harmful consequences for animal and plant life. The burning of fossil fuels is the major contributor to NOx pollution and exhaust remediation is required. Regulations specifying NOx limits for large marine vessels have now been extended to include all small marine vessels down to 24m length, from Jan 2021. Suitably matched exhaust remediation devices for these small marine diesel fuel engines are not in production, and such vessels designed and built after 2020 will be required to install systems to meet the emissions standards. This is likely to involve use of oversized systems. This proposal aims to create alternatives allowing better-matched systems that will provide improved performance without the cost of mismatch.This proposal outlines a first engagement with a Canadian naval architecture company with worldwide sales, which designs small-medium sized yachts and other utility vessels. We will examine exhaust remediation approaches to generate several new choices for small vessels, which meet the proposed requirements and provide choices to meet future requirements of increasing stringency. The current use of urea or other ammonia sources to reduce NOx is burdensome and alternatives will be propose and examined in this study. In the longer term, we aim to provide novel solutions for marine exhaust remediation problems until alternatives to diesel based power-plants for transportation are established.