Distributed and lumped parameter chemical process systems energy based control

基于能量（热力学）的分布式和集总参数化学过程系统控制代表了将基于物理和基本能量（热力学）的概念与动力系统的控制和/或调节相结合的最终尝试的基石。一般来说，化学过程工业中的基本热力学概念得到了很好的理解和探索，而另一方面，化学过程系统控制实现独立地解决了化学过程系统的调节问题，而不考虑基本的热力学定律。控制器设计从信号处理的角度考虑（对象是一个具有信号的动态系统，控制器是另一个信号处理实体）。***这激发了控制设计中的一种新的概念范式转变，从能量处理的角度考虑工厂，在这种情况下，人们将工厂视为具有多个互连（端口）的能量转换系统，而不是信号转换系统。该框架自然适用于化学和材料处理厂，因为这些系统具有自然的广义节能系统表示，通常由某些控制体积给出，而通过系统边界的能量交换是明确定义的。即存储的能量=供给的能量+期望耗散，使控制目标成为保持具有期望能量和耗散函数的能量守恒特性的问题。换句话说，该设计以能量塑造和阻尼分配为中心。该设置适用于集总参数和分布参数的化工和物料过程系统，并通过系统边界与环境交互给出设计和主动控制实现。有各种各样的端口-哈密顿（“能量”）系统，可以直接与其他形式的能量（内部，热，动力学，化学，不能转换成没有内在效率损失）相关联。这种丰富和自然识别的物理系统表示需要通过将最优/约束/鲁棒控制领域内的控制和调节器实现联系起来，并通过从微分子（芯片上的实验室）化工厂设置到大型化学，材料，石化工厂的设置来解决。***拟议项目的预期贡献有可能显著推进复杂系统过程系统工程技术发展的最新水平，适用于各种应用领域，包括钢铁加工、食品和材料制造、生物燃料和/或废水处理中的藻类利用、化学反应堆（石油工业）、热交换器网络、零能耗地热/太阳能可再生住宅。**

Distributed and lumped parameter chemical process systems energy (thermodynamics) based control represents the cornerstone of the final attempt to merge the physical and fundamental energy (thermodynamics) based concepts with control and/or regulation of dynamical systems. In general, the fundamental thermodynamical concepts in chemical process industry are well understood and explored, while on the other hand chemical process systems control realizations independently address the issue of regulation of chemical process systems without taking into account fundamental thermodynamics laws. Controller design considers signal processing point of view ( a plant is dynamical system with signals and a controller is another signal processing entity).***This motivates a novel conceptual paradigm shift in control design which considers a plant from the energy-processing viewpoint, where one views a plant as an energy-transformation system with multi interconnections (ports), as opposed to a signal-transformation system. This framework naturally fits chemical and materials processing plants since these systems have a natural generalized energy-conservation systems representation usually given by some control volume whereas the energy exchange through the system's boundary is well defined. In other words, the stored energy=supplied energy + desired dissipation, so that the control objective becomes an issue of preserving the energy-conservation property with desired energy and dissipation function. In other words, the design is centered on energy shaping and damping assignments. This setting is applicable to lumped and distributed parameter chemical and materials process systems, and design and active control realizations is given as interaction with the environment through the boundary of system. There are various representations of port-Hamiltonian (``energy'') systems which can be directly linked to other forms of energy (internal, thermal, kinetic, chemical that cannot be converted into each other without an intrinsic efficiency loss). Such a rich and naturally recognized physical system representations need to be addressed by linking the control and regulator realizations within the realm of optimal/constrained/robust control, and by spanning from micro-molecular (lab-on-the chip) chemical plant settings to the large chemical, materials, petrochemical plants. ***The expected contributions arising from the proposed program have potential to significantly advance the state of the art in development of process systems engineering techniques for complex systems, with applicability to a wide variety of application areas including steel processing, food and material manufacturing, algal utilization in biofuels and/or waste water treatments, chemical reactors (in petroleum industry), heat exchanger networks, zero-energy geothermal/solar renewable homes. **