Scientific approaches for protecting marine biodiversity in an era of increasing anthropogenic stressors

在这个人类对海洋生物多样性的影响日益加剧的时代，保护日益必要和紧迫。我的研究为保护科学领域和系统的保护规划做出了贡献。我的研究小组的长期目标是了解海洋的复原力，并制定科学的方针和方法，在威胁日益增加和不断变化的时代保护海洋生物多样性。保护规划的早期重点是保护生物多样性的格局(例如，通过绘制物种分布图，然后保护其范围的一部分)，但意识到生物多样性格局不是一成不变的，特别是随着气候变化和人类用途的变化，导致越来越重视分析动态生物多样性过程、功能和威胁的技术，并将其纳入保护规划。本提案中概述的研究将开始解决在面对变化时在评估现有和新的海洋生物多样性养护战略的生态效力方面仍然存在的许多空白。*在未来五年，我的短期目标是研究在面对气候变化和其他动态威胁时保护和适应性管理海洋生物多样性同时保持生态系统弹性的不同方法的生态有效性。*三个相互关联的全球、区域和地方规模的研究项目将使我的研究小组能够实现短期目标并朝着长期目标努力：*(1)通过荟萃分析和地理信息系统(GIS)方法，评估不同海洋保护区(MPA)保护水平在面对动态威胁时保持生态系统弹性的全球生态有效性；*(2)创新区域保护规划和管理方法，在数据有限的情况下纳入动态应激源和过程，以北陆架生物区域MPA规划过程为例；和*(3)通过调查土著管理对生态群落组成和生物量的影响，评估通过积极管理改善当地海洋复原力的备选方案。*这项研究具有新颖性，因为我们的目标是在全球变化加速的情况下开发和测试MPA规划的新战略。这项研究是必要的，因为它将为有效的海洋保护战略提供信息，使联邦政府能够努力实现其保护加拿大10%海洋的国际承诺。这项工作的应用和基础是与联邦、省级和原住民政府的合作，我们将与这些政府一起为MPA规划者和实践者制定相关指南，以应对MPA规划中的气候变化和动态威胁，并为积极的管理选择提供信息。我的研究也在培养下一代保护科学家，并让他们在实践中接触到政策、规划和管理。

Conservation is increasingly necessary and urgent in this era of accelerating human impacts on marine biodiversity. My research contributes to the scientific field of conservation science and systematic conservation planning. My research group's long-term objective is to understand marine resilience and develop the scientific approaches and methodologies to protect marine biodiversity in an era of increasing and dynamic threats. The early focus of conservation planning was on protecting patterns of biodiversity (e.g., by mapping distributions of species and then protecting a portion of their ranges), but the realization that biodiversity patterns are not static especially with climate change and shifting human uses has resulted in growing emphasis on techniques for analyzing and incorporating dynamic biodiversity processes, functions, and threats into conservation planning. The research outlined in this proposal will begin to address the many gaps that remain in assessing the ecological effectiveness of current and novel marine biodiversity conservation strategies in the face of change. ******Over the next five years, my short-term objective is to study the ecological effectiveness of different approaches to protecting and adaptively managing marine biodiversity while maintaining ecosystem resilience in the face of climate change and other dynamic threats. ******Three interlinked research projects at global, regional, and local scales will allow my research group to achieve the short-term objective and work towards the long-term objective: ***(1) Assess the global ecological effectiveness of different marine protected area (MPA) protection levels at maintaining ecosystem resilience in the face of dynamic threats through a meta-analysis and geographic information systems (GIS) approach; ***(2) Innovate regional conservation planning and management methods to incorporate dynamic stressors and processes when data are limited using the Northern Shelf Bioregion MPA planning process as a case study; and ***(3) Assess options for improving local marine resilience through active management by investigating the effect of Indigenous management on ecological community composition and biomass.******This research is novel in that we aim to develop and test new strategies for MPA planning in the face of accelerating global change. The research is necessary as it will inform effective marine conservation strategies to enable the federal government to work towards its international commitments to protect 10% of Canada's oceans. This work is applied and grounded in collaborations with federal, provincial, and First Nations governments, with whom we will develop relevant guidance for MPA planners and practitioners for addressing climate change and dynamic threats in MPA planning, and inform active management options. My research is also training the next generation of conservation scientists, as well as exposing them to policy, planning, and management in practice.