Understanding and exploiting quantum effects in quantum communications and entanglement manipulation

所有数据都存储在物理系统中并由其传输，这些系统最终都受量子力学的支配。我们的信息技术针对经典通信和处理进行了优化，但它正开始遇到这一量子前沿。我们正在发现新的可能性，如量子数据压缩、量子密码学、隐形传态和高效的因式分解算法。*这一提议将发展量子通信的广泛理论。现代通信科学的巨大成功建立在香农理论的基础上；我们的目标是将香农理论的见解和方法扩展到量子通信。在理解量子信息方面已经取得了重大进展，但量子通信理论的基础仍在建设中，仍然存在重大的悬而未决的问题。我们没有算法来确定总体上可以达到什么通信速率，甚至在某些类型的噪声下通信是否可能，我们也还没有发现量子资源(如纠缠)的全部潜力。人们可以对通信通道提出的最基本的问题是：它可以以什么速率传输各种数据？这些速率称为容量，是我们研究的一个重要焦点；特别是量子通信信道的经典容量、私有容量和量子容量。量子通信信道是复杂的，量子数据对噪声极其敏感，但最近的结果有相当大的希望。我们可以从对描述数据丢失到环境的互补通道的日益增长的理解开始，对具有零量子或私有容量的通道进行完全分类，并了解这两个量之间的差异。我们还将研究如何通过经典的旁路来加强量子传输，以及如何优化有限块长度的消息的通信。*一个孪生研究主题将研究纠缠和其他信息理论资源，以及它们如何增强信息处理任务。按照一种很有前途的合作博弈方法，我们将限制这些辅助资源在执行任务时的效用，并试图理解为什么它们不是在所有情况下都是有界的。*这些问题的答案将影响到通信理论以外的领域，因为它们对于我们理解量子物理和量子复杂性理论是必不可少的。

All data is stored in and transmitted by physical systems, which are all ultimately governed by quantum mechanics. Our information technology is optimized for classical communication and processing, but it is beginning to encounter this quantum frontier. We are uncovering new possibilities such as quantum data compression, quantum cryptography, teleportation, and efficient factoring algorithms.******This proposal will develop a broad theory of quantum communication. The tremendous successes of modern communication science are founded in Shannon theory; our objective is to extend the insights and approaches of Shannon theory to quantum communication.******Significant progress has been made in understanding quantum information, but the foundations of quantum communication theory are still under construction, and significant open questions remain. We have no algorithms to determine what communication rates can be achieved in general, or even whether communication is possible given certain kinds of noise, and we have yet to discover the full potential of quantum resources such as entanglement.******The most fundamental question one can ask of a communication channel is: at what rates can it transmit various kinds of data? These rates, known as the capacities, are an important focus of our research; in particular the classical, private and quantum capacities of quantum communication channels.******Quantum communication channels are complex, and quantum data is extremely sensitive to noise, but recent results hold considerable promise. We can begin by building on our growing understanding of complementary channels which describe the loss of data to the environment to fully categorize channels with zero quantum or private capacity, and to understand the difference between these two quantities. We will also investigate how quantum transmission can be strengthened by classical side channels, and how the communication of finite block-length messages can be optimized.******A twin research theme will study entanglement and other information theoretic resources, and how they can enhance information processing tasks. Following a promising approach using cooperative games, we will bound the utility of these auxiliary resources for performing tasks, and seek to understand why they cannot be bounded in all cases.******Answers to these questions will impact fields beyond communication theory, for they are essential for our understanding of quantum physics and quantum complexity theory.**