Management of Fusarium graminearum in corn and wheat

施瓦贝镰刀菌（Fusarium graminearum Schwabe）引起玉米穗腐病（GER）和小麦枯萎病（FHB），导致产量损失和粮食品质下降，真菌毒素主要是脱氧雪腐镰刀菌醇（DON）的积累。谷物中的真菌毒素是粮食工业严重关切的问题，因为它们对食品和饲料安全构成严重问题，对人类和动物健康构成风险，并在加拿大受到管制。由于以下因素，玉米GER的病理生物学正在发生变化：i)最近建立的西部豆螟（Striacosta albicosta Smith） （WBC）作为关键的穗害虫，ii)目前只有一类杀菌剂化学可用于管理GER和DON， iii)由于采用保护性耕作制度，接种负荷正在发生变化，iv)使用长时间保持绿色的作物增加了土壤表面的作物残留物，v)观察到F. graminearum化学型的变化。这个项目将把这些因素与小麦中的谷草镰刀菌和玉米中的谷草镰刀菌和白色葡萄球菌的害虫组合结合起来。一个机会是使用抗白曲球菌的转基因玉米组合，使用或不使用杀虫剂和杀菌剂，包括开发新的活性成分adepidyn，来控制病原体和/或昆虫。第二个机会是通过选择杂交品种、抑制接种量、加速残体分解和竞争性排除谷草镰刀菌来降低接种潜力。这两个机会都将在改变化学型的背景下进行探索，以预测可能需要的方法的任何未来变化。更好地了解这种害虫及其相互作用将最终有助于制定减少玉米和小麦GER/FHB和DON的管理策略。

Fusarium graminearum Schwabe causes gibberella ear rot (GER) in corn and fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat, resulting in yield loss and poor grain quality with the accumulation of mycotoxins, mainly deoxynivalenol (DON). Mycotoxins in grain are a serious concern for the grain industry because they constitute a serious problem for food and feed safety, present a risk for human and animal health and are regulated in Canada. The pathobiology of GER is changing in corn because of the following factors: i) recent establishment of western bean cutworm Striacosta albicosta Smith (WBC) as a key ear pest, ii) only one class of fungicide chemistry is currently available to manage GER and DON, iii) inoculum load is changing due to the adoption of conservation tillage systems, iv) using crops that stay green longer increases crop residues on the soil surface, and v) observed shifts in F. graminearum chemotypes. This project will characterize an integration of these factors with F. graminearum in wheat and the pest complex of F. graminearum and S. albicosta in corn. One opportunity is to use a combination of transgenic corn resistant to S. albicosta, with and without insecticides and fungicides, including the development of the new active ingredient adepidyn, to control the pathogen and/or the insect. A second opportunity is to reduce inoculum potential through the selection of hybrids, inoculum suppression, acceleration of residue decomposition, and competitive exclusion of F. graminearum. Both opportunities will be explored in the context of shifting chemotypes to anticipate any future changes in approach that may be needed. A better understanding of this pest complex and its interactions will ultimately contribute to management strategies to reduce GER/FHB and DON in corn and wheat.