Design Integration and Coordination of Closed-Loop Supply Chains for Sustainable Manufacturing

自然资源的枯竭及其对社会和经济的负面影响迫使政府、工业界和学术界解决社会和环境问题，并要求设计制造和供应链系统的方式发生根本性变化。面对日益严重的环境问题，在闭环供应链框架内运行的可持续制造系统的协调、集成和设计变得尤为重要。可持续制造被美国商务部定义为“使用最大限度地减少对环境的负面影响、节约能源和自然资源、对员工、社区和消费者安全并且经济健康的制造产品”。Guid和Van Wassenhove在其2009年的文章中将“闭环供应链”一词定义为直接或间接从客户那里回收产品，并通过重复使用整个产品或其部分部件或部件来恢复附加值的系统。应当指出，实现可持续制造需要采取一种全面的办法，不仅包括产品和制造过程，而且还包括整个供应链，包括跨越多个产品生命周期的物流和制造系统。有鉴于此，本研究计画探讨可持续制造系统在封闭式供应链框架内运作的几个协调、整合与设计问题，其中同时考虑可持续制造系统与封闭式供应链的设计，并将产品设计、环境影响、成本核算及品质问题纳入整体系统。

The depletion of natural resources and their negative impacts on the society and economy are forcing governments, industry, and academia to address social and environmental concerns as well as for radical changes in the way manufacturing and supply chain systems are to be designed. Facing such heightened environmental concerns, coordination, integration, and design of Sustainable Manufacturing Systems operating within a framework of Closed-Loop Supply Chains become particularly important. Sustainable Manufacturing is defined as "the creation of manufactured products that use processes that minimize negative environmental impacts, conserve energy and natural resources are safe for employees, communities and consumers and are economically sound" by the US Department of Commerce. The term "Closed-Loop Supply Chain" is defined as the system that takes back products directly or indirectly from customers and recovers added value by reusing the entire product or some of its components or parts by Guide and Van Wassenhove in their 2009 article. It should be noted that achieving sustainable manufacturing requires a holistic approach encompassing not only of the product and the manufacturing processes but also the entire supply chain including the logistics and manufacturing systems across multiple product life-cycles. In view of these, this research program addresses several coordination, integration, and design problems of Sustainable Manufacturing Systems operating within a framework of Closed-Loop Supply Chains where a simultaneous consideration is given to the design of Sustainable Manufacturing Systems and Closed-Loop Supply Chains with inclusion of the impact of product design, environmental impact, cost accounting and quality issues into the overall system.