Location of charging stations for electric vehicles

运输部门约占加拿大所有温室气体(GHG)排放量的25%。电动汽车(EV)是环境解决方案组合的一部分，它提出了一种方法，可以减少道路运输产生的温室气体排放，显著减少城际空气污染，并减少我们对化石燃料的依赖。消费者购买电动汽车的意愿在很大程度上取决于充电器的普及程度。魁北克水电是一家管理魁北克发电、输电和配电的公用事业公司，该公司积极参与交通电气化，最引人注目的是开发了一个公共快速充电站网络，旨在补充家庭和工作场所的充电站。目前，魁北克共有1786个公共充电站，支持超过4万辆电动汽车。鉴于魁北克省相对较低的成本和广泛的电力供应，电动汽车已被魁北克省政府确定为减少该省温室气体排放的关键手段。特别是，政府的目标是到2027年将魁北克的电动汽车数量增加到约50万辆。只有在全港设立大量的公共充电站，才能达致这个目标。该项目是魁北克水电公司与蒙大略省大学和蒙大略省理工学院研究人员之间正在进行的卓有成效的合作的继续和极大的扩展。作为这一合作的一部分，开发了一个优化模型，解决了新充电站的位置问题，以便在长期规划范围内最大化电动汽车的需求份额。尽管该模型已经提供了考虑最现实约束的解决方案，但它基于对需求的简化假设：假设需求是确定性的，只考虑单一类别的用户，电动汽车的采用仅取决于公共充电站的位置和数量。此外，电动汽车的采用和公共充电站的部署之间的关系主要来自其他国家的数据来源，而不是当地的数据来源。NSERC CRD项目的目标就是解决这些限制。

The transportation sector is responsible for roughly 25% of all greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Canada. Electric vehicles (EV) are part of a portfolio of environmental solutions, suggesting a way to curtail GHG emissions produced by road transportation, significantly reduce inter-city air pollution, and decrease our dependence on fossil fuels. The willingness of customers to purchase EV is widely dependent on the widespread availability of chargers. Hydro-Québec, a public utility that manages the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity in Québec, is actively involved in transportation electrification, most notably by developing a network of public fast-charging stations designed to complement stations at home and at work. Currently, there are 1,786 public charging stations in Québec that support more than 40,000 EV. Given the relatively low cost and widespread availability of electricity in Québec, EV have been identified by the government of Québec as a critical means to reduce GHG emissions in the province. In particular, the government aims to increase the number of electric vehicles in Québec to about 500,000 by 2027. This goal can only be achieved if a significant number of public charging stations are deployed across the territory. This project pursues and significantly extends an ongoing fruitful collaboration between Hydro-Québec and researchers from Université de Montréal and Polytechnique Montréal. As part of this collaboration, an optimization model was developed that addresses the location of new charging stations, so that the demand share of EV is maximized over a long-term planning horizon. Although this model already provides solutions that take into account most realistic constraints, it is based on simplifying assumptions on the demand: it is assumed to be deterministic, a single class of users is considered, and the adoption of EV depends solely on the location and number of public charging stations. In addition, the relationship between the adoption of EV and the deployment of public charging stations is derived mostly from data sources from other countries, rather than from local data sources. The objective of this NSERC CRD project is to address these limitations.