Development of Methods to Measure and Monitor Pedestrian Exposure for Planning, Design, Operation, and Maintenance of Transportation Infrastructure.

步行需要合适的基础设施，以满足用户的需求。为了在城市（或农村）地区适当地容纳行人，首先必须了解对系统的需求（即，不同土地用途的行人流量（按不同时间、星期及季节划分）。行人暴露数据的典型应用包括： 1.指导人行道、人行横道和其他行人设施的设计。 2.评估与阿富汗有关的基础设施的有效性。 3.根据碰撞率确定高风险区域，进行安全分析。 4.帮助确定行人基础设施改善的优先次序。 5.开发模型，预测土地开发或交通系统内其他实施变化后的行人交通量。 6.在规划过程中客观地处理行人问题的优先次序。 在国内和国际上，缺乏行人交通数据已被确定为对与交通相关的基础设施进行适当规划、设计、运营和维护的最重要障碍之一。事实上，目前还没有系统的方法来估计交通工程应用中的行人暴露，因此，在没有必要了解行人容纳需求性质的情况下，就做出了涉及交通相关基础设施的决策。虽然交通工程专业人员已经开始开发不同的行人监测方法，他们认识到，需要更多的研究，以找到一个系统的方法来估计行人交通暴露。例如，迫切需要采用更可靠的统计方法，为所有类型的土地使用制定行人交通模式，并调查城市地区行人交通的时间特征。 拟议研究的目的是设计和验证方法，可用于交通工程研究人员和从业人员系统地估计行人交通暴露的基础设施规划，设计，运营和维护。由此产生的方法将有助于行人交通监测系统的发展：（1）响应工程研究人员和从业人员的信息需求;（2）保持用于分析的数据的真实性;（3）促进整个北美地区的一致性实践;（4）保持用于分析的基础数据的完整性;（5）支持未来的灵活性。这些是驱动交通监控的原则，也应该成为行人交通监控计划的一部分。 这项研究将有助于在城市道路工程基础设施中为行人提供安全和公平的住宿，通过步行帮助增加积极的生活。

Walking requires suitable infrastructure that meets the needs of users. To properly accommodate pedestrians in an urban (or rural) area, it is essential to first understand the demand on the system (i.e., pedestrian exposure in terms of volumes by time of day, day of week and season, for different types of land use) by different types of users. Typical applications of pedestrian exposure data are: 1. To guide the design of sidewalks, crosswalks, and other pedestrian facilities. 2. To evaluate the effectiveness of pedestrian-related infrastructure. 3. To conduct safety analysis by identifying areas of high risk based on collision rates. 4. To aid in prioritization of pedestrian infrastructure improvements. 5. To develop models that predict pedestrian traffic volumes after a land development or other implemented changes within a transportation system. 6. To objectively address the priority of pedestrian issues in the planning process. The lack of pedestrian traffic data has been identified, nationally and internationally, as one of the most significant barriers to the proper planning, designing, operation, and maintenance of pedestrian-related infrastructure. In fact, there is currently no systematic method to estimate pedestrian exposure for transportation engineering applications, and as a result, decisions involving pedestrian-related infrastructure are made without the required knowledge about the nature of the demand for pedestrian accommodation. Although transportation engineering professionals have begun to develop different pedestrian monitoring methods, they recognize that more research is required to find a systematic way of estimating pedestrian traffic exposure. For example, there is a great need to develop pedestrian traffic patterns for all types of land uses with more robust statistical methods, and to investigate the temporal characteristics of pedestrian traffic in urban areas. The purpose of the proposed research is to design and validate methods that can be used by transportation engineering researchers and practitioners to systematically estimate pedestrian traffic exposure for infrastructure planning, design, operations and maintenance. The resulting methods will contribute to the development of pedestrian traffic monitoring systems which: (1) respond to the information needs of engineering researchers and practitioners; (2) maintain truth in the data used for analysis; (3) promote consistent practice throughout North America; (4) maintain the integrity of the base data used for analysis; and (5) support future flexibility. These are the principles that drive traffic monitoring and which should also become part of a pedestrian traffic monitoring program. This research will assist with the safe and equitable accommodation of pedestrians in urban road engineering infrastructure, helping to increase active living, through walking.