Regulation of Gastrointestinal Growth and Function

加拿大有1500多万只反刍动物生产牛奶和肉类，为加拿大经济贡献了400多亿美元。加拿大全国约50,000个农场饲养的反刍动物遵循动物福利的最高标准，但幼畜和成熟畜群中的胃肠道疾病和疾病仍然严重威胁动物福利和农业的盈利。在生命的第一周，反刍动物出生时就是功能性反胃动物，在引入和消费谷物和牧草等饲料之前，瘤胃仍然是非功能性的。从新生儿依赖牛奶提供的营养转变为谷物和牧草提供的营养，对反刍动物生产者具有重要的经济和动物福利意义，因为改善反刍动物早期的营养制度可以降低死亡率和疾病易感性，并增加体重增加和牛奶产量。 这项研究的总体假设是，刺激反刍动物功能适应的胃肠道信号通路受到饲料和微生物区系之间特定相互作用的调节。这项研究的长期目标是提高我们对胃肠道生长和功能的了解，并开发新的和有效的策略来促进反刍动物的胃肠道健康。第一个实验的目的是确定断奶如何通过IGF-1信号通路影响幼年反刍动物的胃肠道生长。第二个实验通过IGF-1信号转导研究了来自成熟反刍动物的微生物群接种对未成熟反刍动物胃肠发育的影响。最终的实验将确定肠道中的GLP-2和IGF-1信号通路如何与瘤胃沟通，从而影响其生长和功能。 这项研究将全面了解胃肠道对来自饮食、微生物区系及其代谢物最终产物的感觉信息的综合反应。这项拟议的研究还将深入了解饮食和微生物因素如何影响许多物种的胃肠道生长和功能。由此产生的关于使用营养素和微生物区系改善牲畜胃肠道健康的知识和创新最终将有助于设计不含抗生素的动物生产系统。

There are over 15 million ruminants in Canada producing milk and meat, which contributes over 40 billion dollars to Canada's economy. The ruminants raised on approximately 50,000 farms throughout Canada follow the highest standards of animal welfare, however gastrointestinal diseases and disorders in young and mature stock are still a serious threat to animal welfare and the profitability of agriculture. During the first week of life, ruminants are born as functional mongastrics, and the rumen remains non-functional until the introduction and consumption of feedstuffs such as grains and forages. The process of transition from their neonatal reliance on nutrients supplied from milk to nutrients supplied from grain and forages is of important economic and animal welfare significance to ruminant producers, as improvements to ruminant nutritional regimes in early life can decrease mortality and disease susceptibility, as well as increase weight gain and milk production. The overall hypothesis for this research is that gastrointestinal signaling pathways that stimulate functional adaptations in the ruminant are regulated by specific interactions among diet and microbiota. The longterm goal of this research is to improve our understanding of gastrointestinal growth and function and to develop novel and effective strategies to enhance ruminant gastrointestinal health. The aim of the first experiment is to determine how weaning can impact gastrointestinal growth of the young ruminant via IGF-1 signaling pathways. The second experiment examines the impact of microbiota inoculation from mature ruminants on the gastrointestinal development via IGF-1 signaling in immature ruminants. The final experiment will determine how GLP-2 and IGF-1 signaling pathways in the intestine communicate with the rumen to impact its growth and function. This research will provide a comprehensive understanding of the integrated responses of the gastrointestinal tract to the sensory information it receives from the diet, microbiota and their metabolite end-products. The proposed research will also provide insight into how dietary and microbial factors can impact gastrointestinal growth and function across many species. The resulting knowledge and innovations related to improving gastrointestinal health in livestock using nutrients and microbiota will ultimately aid in the design of antibiotic-free animal production systems.