First Principles Based Modeling and On-line Real-Time Diagnostics of an Electrochemical Interface

在推动实现可持续能源环境方面，电化学设备发挥着重要作用：储能(电池、燃料电池、超级电容器)、制氢、废水电焚烧或碳封存。这些设备集成在一个系统中，该系统包括电力转换设备、控制器和电网。 在操作上，储能装置、电解槽和电焚烧炉具有不同的性能指标和最终用户要求，但具有相似的数学模型结构。通过分析一个系统获得的信息可以应用于其他系统，只需对建模过程进行很小的更改。在本提案中，我们将重点放在改进的型号和改进的储能设备设计方法上。 由于我们对界面上发生的物理过程的理解存在差距，而现有的数学模型没有完全考虑到这一点，因此目前还不能对应用环境中的设备性能进行准确的定量分析。在以下情况下，需要一个从基本原理导出并在计算上高效地进行模拟的数学模型 在任意激励条件下，预测器件的电、机械和热性能。 探索新的制造或材料系统，以提高性能或功能，降低成本，使用低毒材料，减轻重量，更安全地运行和更长的运行寿命。 确定电解液类型和浓度、电极表面杂质、表面形态和结构变形对器件特性的影响。 设计了电源转换设备的控制器。 从长远来看，这一建议的目标有六个方面：开发一种可结合新物理且可扩展的建模方法，确定确保收敛速度和稳定性的离散化方案和数值方法，开发可产生可与实验结果相比较的结果的实验伏安法和阻抗谱仿真工具，开发可用于为具有内在不确定性的系统建立传输和热力学系数的系统识别工具，开发了一种模型降阶方法，该方法保留了不可观测的状态变量，但这导致了可以嵌入到商业电路仿真器中的模型并缩短了仿真执行时间，并且开发了一种可以使用降阶模型来监测电化学系统健康状态的现场实时诊断工具。 这项技术的影响是降低了生命周期成本，开发了可用于调查不同设计方案的新模拟工具，并减少了设计新系统和培训技术人员和工程师的时间。

Electrochemical devices play an important role in the drive towards a sustainable energy environment: energy storage (batteries, fuel cells, supercapacitors), hydrogen production, electro-incineration of wastewater or carbon sequestration. These devices are integrated within a system that includes power conversion equipment, controllers and an electrical grid. Operationally, energy storage devices, electrolyzers and electroincinerators have different performance metrics and end user requirements but a similar mathematical model structure. Information gained from analyzing one system can be applied to the other systems with only minor changes to the modeling procedure. In this proposal we focus on improved models and an improved design methodology for energy storage devices. An accurate quantitative analysis of device performance, in an application environment, is currently not attainable due to gaps in our understanding of physical processes occurring at an interface which is not fully accounted for in existing mathematical models. A mathematical model that is derived from first principles and is computationally efficient to simulate is required in so far as predicting the electrical, mechanical and thermal properties of the device, for an arbitrary excitation condition. exploring new manufacturing or material systems that could lead to increased performance or functionality, lower cost, the use of low toxicity materials, lower weight, safer operation and longer operating lifetimes. determining the role of electrolyte type and concentration, electrode surface impurities, surface morphology and structural deformations on device characteristics. designing controllers for the power conversion equipment. The objective of this proposal, over the longer term, is six-fold: to develop a modeling methodology that can incorporate new physics and is expandable, to determine a discretization scheme and numerical method that ensures speed of convergence and stability, to develop experimental voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy emulation tools that produce results that can be compared to experimental results, to develop system identification tools that can be used to establish transport and thermodynamic coefficients for systems with built in uncertainty, to develop a model order reduction method that retains unobservable state variables but that leads to a model that can be embedded within commercial circuit simulators and shorten simulation execution times and to develop an in-situ real time diagnostic tool that can monitor the state of health of an electrochemical system using a reduced order model. The impact of this technology is a reduction in life cycle costs, the development of new simulation tools that can be used to investigate different design scenarios and a reduced time to design new systems and to train technicians and engineers.