Scalable energy management and power supply solutions for next generation 5G ICT systems

在许多在线服务、物联网（IoT）、自动驾驶汽车和虚拟现实的推动下，对更多数据的需求不断增长，迫使电信行业迅速转向5G技术。5G波的范围约为100米，而4G-LTE的范围约为30英里，需要更多的小区来形成5G网络。此外，电池和数据中心的电源尺寸和热管理也将变得至关重要，因为这些站点占地面积小，特别是在城市环境和恶劣的户外条件下。考虑到目前需要5千瓦时才能支持每GB互联网数据的利用，很明显，5G功耗将需要大幅降低，5G网络将需要对现有基础设施进行重大改造，以提供所需的功耗。据估计，典型的基站无线电功率需求将从300 W增加到1500 W，而对于多个频率，这可以高达20 kW。5G分布式和集中式数据中心也有同样的趋势，它们将使用全球13%的电力消耗。 为了应对这些挑战，该提案将专注于下一代5G电源基础设施的开发，同时应对效率、尺寸、重量、功耗和能源管理等挑战。将开发云基础设施和智能集成能源管理系统（i2 EMS）的组合，以协调多个层和域的基站、电源和其他设备，从而提高整个网络的效率。 该电源需要特殊的高降压拓扑结构和极具挑战性的超快瞬态响应，以支持i2 EMS命令，因为电源的带宽受限于通常在<1 Mhz范围内的开关频率。这些挑战将通过在芯片上使用新型可扩展和高效的集成高开关频率（> 10 Mhz）DC-DC电源来解决，该芯片具有显著降低的热分布。

The ever-increasing demand for more data, fueled by many online services, internet of Things (IoT), autonomous cars and virtual reality, has forced the telecommunication industry to rapidly move towards 5G technology. The range of 5G waves is around 100m as opposed to that of 4G-LTE around 30 miles requiring many more cells to form 5G network. Moreover, cells and data centers power supplies size and heat management will also become critical due to small footprint of these sites, especially in urban settings and the harsh outdoor conditions. Given the fact that 5 kWh is currently needed to support the utilization of every GB of internet data, it's clear that 5G power consumption will need to significantly decrease and that 5G network will require significant retrofitting of existing infrastructures to provide the required power consumption. It is estimated that a typical base station radio power requirement will increase from 300 W to 1500W, whereas this can go up to 20kW for multiple frequencies. Same trend is estimated for 5G distributed and centralized data centers so that they will use 13% of the worlds power consumption. To address these challenges, this proposal will focus on the development of the next generation 5G power supply infrastructure, while addressing challenges such as efficiency, size, weight, power consumption and energy management. A combination of cloud infrastructure and intelligent integrated energy management system (i2EMS) will be developed to co-ordinate base stations, power supplies, and other equipment across multiple layers and domains to boost efficiencies throughout the network. The power supply needs a special high step-down topology and very challenging ultra fast transient response to support i2EMS commands, as the bandwidth of the power supplies is limited to the switching frequency that is normally in the range of <1Mhz. These challenges will be addressed using novel scalable and efficient integrated high switching freq (>10Mhz) dc-dc power supply on a chip with significantly reduced heat profiles.