Structural Assessment and Repair of Superelastic-Shape-Memory-Alloy Reinforced-Concrete Framed Structures Following Exposure to Seismic and/or Fire Events

建造在经历自然和/或人为灾难后可以轻松翻新的有弹性的结构的需求正在增加。最近的灾难表明，发达国家可能遭受严重的结构破坏和严重的经济损失，这些国家正在执行最先进的守则和标准。鉴于加拿大的气候正在变化，预计这将增加自然灾害的频率和规模，因此迫切需要研究具有抗灾能力的结构。我们的结构需要被设计成在遭受最小程度的可修复损害的同时，预料到意外事件的发生。考虑到两种潜在的灾害：地震和火灾，本提案提供了实现这一目标的手段。优素福博士在结构火灾工程、地震工程和超弹性形状记忆合金(SMA)棒应用方面的独特专业知识将被用于进行一项原创研究计划，该计划将导致结构对火灾和地震事件的弹性。优素福博士和其他研究人员提出了利用形状记忆合金筋来减少土木结构的地震破坏。然而，这类结构在火灾事件中的性能并未得到调查，这是一个关键的安全问题。短期研究将重点放在SMA钢筋混凝土(RC)框架结构上，并将解决两种潜在的情况：(1)SMA RC结构被火灾事件损坏，这需要工程师评估其安全性，做出疏散必要性的关键决定，并设计合适的加装系统，以承受未来包括地震活动在内的荷载；(2)SMA RC结构被地震损坏，然后暴露在经常爆发的火灾中，随之而来的是已知对居住者和紧急人员构成高风险。这项拟议的研究将为研究人员和工程师提供一套完整的试验数据，包括材料性能、火灾破坏的SMA RC构件改造前后的结构性能以及地震破坏的SMA RC节点的抗火能力。开发的数字工具将在确保公共安全的同时，弥合传统的指令性设计与加拿大最近采用的基于目标的设计和美国基于性能的设计之间的差距。工程师将能够为遭受火灾破坏的SMA RC结构设计翻新系统，以确定未来的弹性，并在进行抗震设计时考虑火灾弹性。这项拟议的研究将为3名博士生、2名MESC候选人、5名本科生和12名本科生提供成为未来工程师的独特机会。他们将拥有独特的能力，使他们能够通过实验和/或数值研究来处理多种危险。他们的知识、能力和技能将使他们在学术界和/或咨询活动中大放异彩。

The demand to build resilient structures that can be easily retrofitted after experiencing natural and/or man-made disasters is increasing. Recent disasters have shown that significant structural damage and severe economic losses can be experienced in developed countries, where state-of-the-art codes and standards are being enforced. Given that Canada's climate is changing, which is expected to increase the frequency and magnitude of natural disasters, research addressing disaster-resilient structures is highly needed. Our structures need to be designed to expect the unexpected while suffering minimum amount of repairable damage. This proposal provides the means to achieve this goal considering two potential disasters: earthquake and fire events. Dr. Youssef's unique expertise in structural fire engineering, earthquake engineering, and applications of superelastic shape memory alloy (SMA) bars will be utilized to conduct an original research program, which leads to structures resilient to fire and seismic events. Utilization of SMA bars to minimize seismic damage in civil structures has been proposed by Dr. Youssef and other researchers. However, the performance of such structures during fire events was not investigated, which is a critical safety issue. The short-term research will focus on SMA Reinforced Concrete (RC) framed structures and address two potential scenarios: (1) the SMA RC structure has been damaged by a fire event, which requires engineers to assess its safety, make the critical decision about the need for evacuation, and design a suitable retrofitting system that can withstand future loads including seismic activities, (2) the SMA RC structure has been damaged by an earthquake, and, then exposed to the commonly erupting fires, which follow and known to impose high risk to occupants and emergency personnel. The proposed research will provide researchers and engineers with a complete set of experimental data that cover material properties, structural performance of fire-damaged SMA RC elements before and after retrofitting, and fire resiliency of seismically-damaged SMA RC joints. The developed numerical tools will bridge the gap between the traditional prescriptive design and the recently adopted objective-based design in Canada and performance-based design in USA while ensuring public safety. Engineers will be able to design retrofit systems for fire-damaged SMA RC structures that ascertain future resiliency, and to consider fire resiliency while conducting seismic design. The proposed research will provide a unique opportunity for 3 PhD candidates, 2 MESc candidates, 5 undergraduate-research students, and 12 undergraduate-work-study students to be the engineers of the future. They will be equipped with unique abilities allowing them to deal with multi-hazards through experimental and/or numerical investigations. Their knowledge, abilities, and skills will allow them to shine in academia and/or consulting activities.