Blockchain-Based Middleware for Distributed Management IoT Resources and Services

基于区块链的分布式管理物联网资源和服务中间件面对前所未有的环境挑战，迫切需要智能解决方案来减少我们的环境足迹。快速增长的物联网(IoT)使我们能够连接物理和数字世界，可以说是帮助我们实现这一目标的最佳技术之一。爱立信、福布斯等物联网市场观察人士预测，目前全球80多亿台互联物联网设备将在2024年达到185-223亿台，2030年达到500-1250亿台。使用5G网络，将有可能将数十亿物联网设备与边缘和云托管服务连接起来，并构建使用机器学习和高级数据分析的新型物联网系统，以最大限度地减少资源使用、碳排放和浪费。渴望减少家庭占地面积的人们可以部署智能家居技术，将公用事业电表、恒温器、家用电器和消费电子产品与云托管的后端服务连接起来。云托管的后端服务分析来自家庭的各种数据流，并将其与其他数据源相结合，以提取可用于优化资源使用的有价值的见解，例如更改设备的设置并向决策者提供信息。因此，拥有智能家居技术的家庭可以减少资源消耗、浪费和温室气体排放。然而，人们越来越关注他们的隐私和安全。谁有权访问我家的数据流？如何使用我的数据？我还能控制我的家吗？在渴望为工业、能源、商业和农业等行业部署气候智能解决方案的组织中，也出现了对服务、设备和数据的所有权和控制权的类似担忧。因此，使个人和组织能够管理其收集的数据的访问和使用，对于成功采用智能技术和大规模部署基于物联网的系统至关重要。然而，物联网网络的巨大规模、互联和动态变化提出了新的管理挑战。IBM是越来越多的大型IT公司中第一家意识到基于区块链的物联网资源和服务管理需求的公司。此研究计划的重点是如何使用区块链技术和智能合同来：-管理访问物联网数据？-实现数据分析和机器学习结果的共享控制？-控制数据的使用方式？-定义是否以及如何重新配置设备？-执行有关访问、使用和配置的审计，同时保留机器学习和数据分析的适当算法？为这些问题提供解决方案将使个人和组织能够在基于物联网的智能解决方案中控制其数据、设备和服务的访问和使用，从而帮助减少资源消耗、浪费和温室气体排放。

Blockchain-Based Middleware for Distributed Management IoT Resources and Services Facing unprecedented environmental challenges, there is an urgent need for smart solutions that reduce our environmental footprint. The rapidly growing Internet of Things (IoT) that enables us to connect the physical and digital world is arguably one of the best technologies to help us achieve this goal. Ericsson, Forbes and other IoT market observers predict that the current 8+ billion connected IoT devices in the world will reach 18.5 - 22.3 billion in 2024 and 50-125 billion in 2030. Using 5G networks, it will be possible to connect the billions of IoT devices with edge & cloud-hosted services and build novel IoT systems that use machine learning and advanced data analytics to minimize resource-usage, carbon emissions and waste. People that are eager to reduce the footprint of their households can deploy Smart Home technology to connect utility consumption meters, thermostats, appliances and consumer electronics with cloud-hosted backend services. The cloud-hosted backend services analyze the various streams of data from households and combine them with other data sources to extract valuable insights that can be used to optimize resource usage e.g. change settings on appliances and inform decision-makers. As a result, a household with Smart Home technology can reduce resource consumption, waste and greenhouse gas emissions. However, people are becoming increasingly concerned about their privacy and security. Who has access to the data streams of my household? How is my data used? Do I still control my home? Similar concerns regarding ownership and control of services, equipment and data emerge in organizations eager to deploy climate-smart solutions for sectors like industry, energy, commerce and agriculture. Enabling people and organizations to manage the access and usage of their collected data is therefore essential for the successful adoption of Smart technologies and the wide-scale deployment of IoT-based systems. However, the enormous scale, interconnectivity and dynamic changes of IoT networks present novel management challenges. IBM was the first of a growing number of major IT companies to realize the need for a blockchain-based management of IoT resources and services. This research program is focused on how Blockchain Technology and Smart Contracts can be used to: - manage access IoT data? - enable shared control of the data analytics and machine learning results? - control how data is used? - define if and how equipment can be re-configured? - perform audits in regards to access, usage and configuration, while preserving propriety algorithms of machine-learning and data-analytics ? Providing solutions to these questions will empower people and organizations to control the access and the usage of their data, devices and services within IoT-based smart solutions that help reduce resource consumption, waste and greenhouse emissions.