Rational design, synthesis and characterization of surface-confined low-dimensional nanomaterials

人们对低维材料日益增长的兴趣源于其显著的性能，如高导电性、传热性、机械和化学稳定性，这些都是由于尺寸减小而产生的。这些特殊的特性标志着石墨烯——自然界中唯一的二维（片状）材料——成为过去十年的转折点材料。然而，缺乏电子带隙会限制其在某些电子应用中的使用。这种限制激发了新型低维纳米材料的出现，如二维聚合物和共价有机框架，它们构成了石墨烯有机类似物的突出类别。这些材料的化学和电子特性是由它们的形态、尺寸、大小、它们的构建块的精心选择、它们的p电子离域以及将它们结合在一起的键的化学性质决定的。目前的项目建立在纳米科学技术的基础上，以合成表面受限的二维聚合物，其化学和电子特性可以通过其化学结构来定制。提出了几种表面限制聚合和缩合反应，用于合成二维聚酰胺、二维共轭多孔聚合物、共价有机框架等分子基低维纳米材料。为了鉴定它们的形态和化学性质，采用原子尺度分辨率的扫描隧道显微镜，结合x射线光电子能谱和密度泛函理论计算。开发低维纳米材料为加拿大相应的技术进步提供了重要的基础知识。多孔二维聚合物为环境应用中的温室气体的吸附和储存提供了化学成分和结构结构。二维聚合物的化学、热和机械稳定性使其成为飞机和铁路运输行业保护表面的有希望的候选者。从半导体到绝缘的电子特性，使它们适用于电子工业，例如在高电压下工作的热电半导体，以及用于收集能量和光。总之，该研究为分子基低维纳米材料的可控结构提供了一个平台，这些材料具有半导体和绝缘特性，并且在恶劣条件下具有更高的稳定性。这些纳米材料提供了独特的电子特性，在显示器、智能手机、传感器和太阳能电池等有机电子器件中得到了应用。

The growing interest in low-dimensional materials stems from their remarkable properties, such as high electrical conductivity, heat transfer, mechanical and chemical stability, arising from dimension reduction. These exceptional properties mark graphene, the only 2D (sheet) material in nature, as the turning point material of the last decade. However, the lack of an electronic bandgap can limit its use in some electronic applications. This limitation has inspired the emergence of novel low-dimensional nanomaterials such as 2D polymers and covalent organic frameworks - to constitute prominent classes of organic analogues of graphene. The chemical and electronic properties of these materials are determined by their morphology, dimension, size, a careful choice of their building blocks, their p-electron delocalization, and the chemical nature of the bonds held them together. The present program builds on the nanoscience techniques to synthesize surface-confined 2D polymers whose chemical and electronic properties can be tailored by their chemical structure. Several surface-confined polymerization and condensation reactions are proposed for the synthesis of molecular-based low-dimensional nanomaterials including 2D polyamides, 2D conjugated porous polymers, covalent organic frameworks. To identify their morphology and chemical nature, scanning tunnelling microscopy with atomic scale resolution, will be combined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. Developing low-dimensional nanomaterials provides fundamental knowledge with significant benefits to the corresponding technological advances in Canada. Porous 2D polymers offer the chemical compositions and structural architectures for the adsorption and storage of greenhouse gases for environmental applications. The chemical, thermal, and mechanical stability of 2D polymers make them promising candidates to be implemented as protective surfaces in the aircraft and rail transportation industries. Electronic properties, ranging from semiconducting to insulating behaviour, make them suitable for electronics industries, as for example thermoelectric semiconductors performing at elevated voltages, as well as for harvesting energy and light. In summary, the proposed research offers a platform for the controlled architecture of molecular-based low-dimensional nanomaterials, tailored with semiconducting to insulating properties, and an elevated stability under harsh conditions. These nanomaterials provide unique electronic properties, giving rise to applications in organic electronic devices used in displays, smartphones, sensors, and solar cells.