Seabird ecology in the North Atlantic

动物运动（即分散和迁徙）是行为生态学中的关键过程，对个体的适应性和种群动态有直接影响。分散，即为了繁殖而从一个地方迁移到另一个地方，是种群变化的重要驱动力，因为个体分散是为了避免近亲繁殖或不利的栖息地。如果没有分散的能力，物种就会被锁定在一个地方，而这个地方的任何变化对它们来说都是灾难性的。迁徙，即在季节性家园范围之间的返回运动，对维持种群也很重要。迁徙行为提供了开发不同栖息地的机会，在某些情况下，提供了对繁殖很重要的必要资源，否则可能无法获得这些资源。我的研究的长期目标是了解人口变化的驱动因素，而了解分散和迁移是实现这一目标的关键。因此，我研究的短期目标是了解殖民地顶级海洋捕食者的运动生态学，以及这些运动如何影响过去的种群动态和未来的种群趋势。我将通过解决三个相关问题来实现这些目标：1)什么因素影响个人的分散倾向？2)纹饰的个体差异如何与个体的品质/条件和适合度相关，以及它们如何与个体在繁殖群体中的招募联系起来？3)扩散模式和连通性如何影响长期人口预测，气候变化可能如何影响这些关系？我将使用海鸟，特别是来自Alcidae家族的海鸟作为研究物种，因为它们在北大西洋无处不在，并且在芬迪湾的马基亚斯海豹岛进行持续的长期监测，以及国家和国际合作，提供了独特的能力，可以提出有关动物运动，栖息地选择和生活史的广泛问题，这些问题在许多其他海洋系统中很难提出，几乎不可能提出。从广义上讲，这项研究的结果将拓宽我们对动物运动和种群动态的理解。具体来说，研究结果将提供关于海鸟生态学的关键信息，这将有助于填补我们对海鸟生物学知识的空白，对我们有效管理这些物种和预测它们的数量如何随着气候变化而变化的能力至关重要。海雀，特别是大西洋海雀，是顶级的海洋捕食者，也是加拿大海洋环境的标志。进一步了解它们的生物学和管理它们的数量对整个海洋生态系统和加拿大大西洋地区的旅游业都具有重要意义。因此，我的项目的结果将提供所需的信息，以确保知情，以证据为基础的管理，并最终持续这种和其他相关物种。

Animal movements (i.e., dispersal and migration) are key processes in behavioural ecology that have direct implications on the fitness of individuals and population dynamics. Dispersal, the movement from one location to another for the purpose of breeding, can be an important driver of population change, as individuals disperse to avoid inbreeding or unfavorable habitats. Without the ability to disperse, species would become locked at one site, and any change at the site could be disastrous for them. Migration, the return movement between seasonal home ranges, is also important for maintaining populations. Migratory behaviour provides the opportunity to exploit different habitats and, in some cases, provides necessary resources that are important for reproduction that might not be otherwise available. The long-term goal of my research is to understand the drivers of population change, and understanding dispersal and migration are key to achieving this. Thus, the short-term goals of my research are to understand the movement ecology of a colonial top marine predator and how these movements influence past population dynamics and future population trends. I will achieve these goals by addressing three related questions: 1) What factors influence an individuals' propensity to disperse? 2) How do individual differences in ornamentation relate to individual quality/condition and fitness, and how do they link to an individual's recruitment into breeding populations? 3) How do patterns of dispersal and connectivity affect long-term population projections and how might climate change impact those relationships? I will use seabirds, specifically from the family Alcidae, as study species because they are ubiquitous in the North Atlantic, and continued long-term monitoring at Machias Seal Island in the Bay of Fundy and national and international collaborations offer the unique ability to ask broad questions concerning animal movement, habitat selection, and life-history that are logistically difficult and virtually impossible to ask in many other marine systems. Broadly, results of this research will broaden our understanding of animal movement and population dynamics. Specifically, results will provide critical information on seabird ecology that will help fill gaps in our knowledge of their biology and that are critical to our ability to effectively manage these species and predict how their populations might change with a changing climate. Alcids, specifically Atlantic Puffins, are a top marine predator and also an icon of the Canadian marine environment. Further understanding their biology and managing their populations has important implications for both the marine ecosystem as a whole and tourism in Atlantic Canada. Thus, results of my project will provide information required to ensure informed, evidence-based management and ultimately the persistence of this and other related species.